NASA Air Quality Applied Sciences Team (AQAST) Daniel J. Jacob, Harvard University AQAST Leader www.aqast.org 6 th AQAST meeting - Rice University, January.

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NASA Air Quality Applied Sciences Team (AQAST) Daniel J. Jacob, Harvard University AQAST Leader 6 th AQAST meeting - Rice University, January 15-17, 2014

satellites suborbital platforms models AQAST Pollution monitoring Exposure assessment AQ forecasting Source attribution Quantifying emissions External influences AQ processes Climate interactions AQAST 2

AQAST members Daniel Jacob (leader), Loretta Mickley (Harvard) Tracey Holloway (deputy leader), Steve Ackerman (U. Wisconsin); Bart Sponseller (Wisconsin DNR) Greg Carmichael (U. Iowa) Dan Cohan (Rice U.) Russ Dickerson (U. Maryland) Bryan Duncan, Yasuko Yoshida, Melanie Follette-Cook (NASA/GSFC); Jennifer Olson (NASA/LaRC) David Edwards (NCAR) Arlene Fiore (Columbia Univ.); Meiyun Lin (Princeton) Jack Fishman, Ben de Foy (Saint Louis U.) Daven Henze, Jana Milford (U. Colorado) Edward Hyer, Jeff Reid, Doug Westphal, Kim Richardson (NRL) Pius Lee, Tianfeng Chai (NOAA/NESDIS) Yang Liu, Matthew Strickland (Emory U.), Bin Yu (UC Berkeley) Richard McNider, Arastoo Biazar (U. Alabama – Huntsville) Brad Pierce (NOAA/NESDIS) Ted Russell, Yongtao Hu, Talat Odman (Georgia Tech); Lorraine Remer (NASA/GSFC) David Streets (Argonne) Jim Szykman (EPA/ORD/NERL) Anne Thompson, William Ryan, Suellen Haupt (Penn State U.) 3

What makes AQAST unique? All AQAST projects connect Earth Science and air quality management:  Involve active partnerships with air quality managers, have deliverable application outcomes  Expand relationships through meetings, online tools, newsletters AQAST has flexibility in how it allocates its resources  Members adjust work plans to meet evolving air quality needs  Multi-member “Tiger Teams” are organized each year to address newly emerging, pressing problems requiring coordinated activity  AQAST is self-organizing and can respond quickly to demands Quick, collaborative, flexible, responsive to the needs of the AQ community 4

Scope of current AQAST projects AQ agency Local: RAQC, BAAQD, SJVAPCD, CDPHE States: California, Georgia, Iowa, Maryland, Oklahoma, Texas, Virginia, Wisconsin Regional: LADCO, CenSARA, MARAMA National: EPA, NOAA, NPS, BLM Theme SIP Modeling AQ processes Monitoring AQ-Climate Background IC/BC for AQ models Forecasting Emissions Future satellites Earth Science resource Satellites: MODIS, MISR, MOPITT, AIRS, OMI, TES, GOES, GOME-2 Suborbital: ARCTAS, DISCOVER-AQ, ozonesondes, PANDORA Models: MOZART, CAM, AM-3, GEOS-Chem, RAQMS, STEM, GISS, CMIP

Goals of this meeting To share knowledge and experience in using Earth Science data and tools for serving AQ management To educate AQ managers in the use of Earth Science data and tools, and educate Earth scientists on AQ needs To hear about pressing AQ management issues, and determine how AQAST can help – to-do list! To discuss specific issues facing east Texas, including first results from the DISCOVER-AQ aircraft campaign 5 th AQAST meeting at U. Maryland (June 9-11, 2013)

AQAST Highlight: Primer on using satellite data for air quality emission estimates 7 Year 2 Tiger Team activity involving nine AQAST PIs working with AQ managers

AQAST Highlight: Ammonia emissions and nitrogen deposition in the US Present and future (RCP) US emissions US ammonia emission inventories Nitrogen deposition in US national parks Improved understanding of ammonia emissions in US by adjoint inversion of satellite and deposition data Demonstration of broad N exceedance problem in national parks, driven by ammonia in future Presently working with EPA and NPS in evaluation of secondary nitrogen oxides standard AQAST PIs: Henze, Jacob 8 NO x NH 3

AM3 (~2°x2°) GEOS-Chem (½°x⅔°) Fourth-highest North American background MDA8 O 3 in model surface layer between Mar 1 and Aug 31, 2006 ppb AQAST Highlight: N American background ozone estimated from two different global models (simulations with N. American anth. emissions set to zero) Large intermodel difference in background ozone over Intermountain West has important implications for AQ management strategies Higher background: More exchange with surface? Larger stratospheric influence? High AM3 bias in EUS; caution on N. Amer. Background here! Excessive lightning NO x in summer J. Oberman AQAST PI: Fiore

AQAST Products GLIMPSE (Henze): fast screening tool for radiative forcing implications of AQ management strategies Operational AQ ensemble forecasts for Maryland (Thompson) WHIPS (Holloway): user-friendly processing of satellite data

1. Easily obtain useful data in familiar formats Custom OMI NO 2 “Level 3” products on any grid in netCDF with WHIPS (Holloway) Annual NO 2 shapefiles - OMI & CMAQ on CMAQ grids (AQAST Tiger Team) Google Earth 2. Find easy-to-use guidance & example scripts for understanding OMI products and comparing to simulated troposphere & PBL concentrations One-stop user portal (Holloway & AQAST Tiger Team) OMI NO 2 & SO 2 guidance, field campaign example case studies (Spak & AQAST Tiger Team) 3. Obtain OMI observational operators for assimilation & emissions inversion in CMAQ NO 2 in GEOS-Chem  CMAQ (Henze, Pye) SO 2 in STEM  CMAQ (Spak, Kim) O 3 in STEM  CMAQ (Huang, Carmichael, Kim) AQAST progress toward an OMI AQ management toolkit: AQ managers can now… OMI NO 2 KML in SARP flight planning AQAST PI: Carmichael

Zifeng Lu, Progress in estimation of power plant emissions from satellite retrievals AQAST 5 Meeting, University of Maryland, College Park, June 4, 2013 ARSET/AQAST training for Bay Area Air Quality Management District: 12 September , 2013, Santa Clara, CA; hosted by BAAQMD 16 attendees from local AQ agencies, private sector, and academia Course Taught by AQAST PI Yang Liu with Pawan Gupta application of NASA /NOAA aerosol/smoke/fire satellite data for AQ monitoring

AQAST communications and outreach Semiannual AQAST meetings AQAST workshops and training sessions AQAST representation at AQ meetings Ozone garden network 2012 AGU AQAST session and Town Hall Website, quarterly newsletter Media center, Twitter AQ managers surveys ARSET/AQAST at CMAS St. Louis ozone garden NO 2 trends lenticular 13 AQAST deputy leader Tracey Holloway

Environmental Manager: February 2014 AQAST special issue NO 2 Observed from Space Monitoring PM 2.5 for health: past, present, and future directions (Liu et al. ) Air quality forecasting (Hu et al.) Interactions between climate change and US air quality (Mickley et al.) Using satellite observations to measure power plant emissions and their trends (Streets et al.) Detecting and attributing episodic high background ozone events (Fiore et al.) Integrating satellite data into air quality management: experience from Colorado (Witman and Holloway)