Henry Bessemer Volta

Faraday

Pasteur

Industrial Revolution widespread replacement of manual labor by machines that began in Britain in the 1700s. Causes of the Industrial Revolution New farming methods New technology

Ch. 5 Sec. 1 Dawn of the Industrial Age Life before Industrialization People lived in simple homes Worked using hand tools Light Candles Clothes Made their own Food Grew their own Traveled by foot or horse Communicate Sent Messages or messenger

Life after industrialization Towns turned to cities Machines began to do work Light Electricity Bought clothes and food Travel boat or train Communicate telegram

New Inventions Anesthetic Sewing machine Kills pain Sewing machine Tool to measure the speed of light Antiseptic Kills germs

New Farming Methods Lord Charles Townshend Jethro Tull Urged farmers to grow turnips, because it replenished the soil Jethro Tull Invented the Seed Drill Helped farmers, because it planted seeds in a row

New Technology Energy Thomas Newcomen James Watt Coal Used to power the steam engine Thomas Newcomen Invented the steam engine James Watt Improved Newcomen’s steam engine

Steam Engine

Reasons why Britain led the way in Industry Natural Resources Human Resources Technology Political Conditions Social Conditions Economic Conditions

Ch. 3 Sec 2 Britain Leads the way Why did the Industrial Revolution begin in Britain? Plenty of coal and iron Large number of workers Rapid population growth (5 mil to 9 mil in one year) Why? More food = less famine More medicine = less sickness, disease Entrepreneurs took risks to start new businesses Increased Trade = more money

Continued Stable government (constitutional monarchy) Strong navy Britain was the center of the Scientific Revolution Skilled mechanics

The Age of Iron and Coal Darby invented a new way to produce iron. Coal replaced wood to smelt iron Made iron cheaper, but better.

Changes in the Textile Industry Cotton New inventions improve the British textile (cloth) industry Spinning jenny (spins cotton into cloth) First factories are built Machines were too large to be in homes Factories were located near streams and railroads transportation

Spinning Jenny

Early Factory

Factory

Later Factory

Revolution in Transportation Steam locomotive (train) Faster and cheaper transport Steamboats improved shipping Max speed was 5 mph

Locomotive

Steamboat

Reviewing key terms Abraham Darby Richard Arkwright Factory He produced better quality and less expensive iron Richard Arkwright Hard working entrepreneur who invented the waterframe to speed up spinning cotton. Factory Places that brought together workers and machines to produce large quantities of goods

Turnpike Robert Fulton Privately built roads that charge a fee to travelers who used them Robert Fulton American who used James Watt’s steam engine to power a boat that broke the speed record 5 mph

Britain Cotton Trade--1850 F. G. H. I. J.

Industrial Revolution Pop Quiz Name two differences between life before and life after industrialization. Before After Example: Communicate: messenger Example: Communicate: by telegram or telegraph 1. Travel: Travel: 2. Work:

2. Give one Reason why Britain led the way in Industry

Pop quiz continued Why were factories built and why were they built near rivers and railroads? What was the energy source that powered the steam engine? Who invented the seed drill and how did it help farmers? List the 2 factors that caused rapid population growth.

A H G C I E D F J B

Ch. 5 section 3 Hardships of Early Industrial life What is a movement of people from the countryside to the city? P 178 What led to the massive migration of people from farms to cities? P 178 Who benefited most from the Industrial Revolution? P 179 What social class was created because of the Industrial Revolution? p179 Describe factory work during the beginning of the Industrial Revolution. p180

Describe the tenement. (Be specific) P 180 What did the Luddites protest against? P 180 Why did employers prefer to hire women over men? 181 If women were working in factories, who was cleaning the home, cooking, and taking care of the children? 181-182 Describe the conditions for Miners and factory workers? 181 What happened to workers who got sick or injured on the job? Why? 181

Test continued Why were children hired to work in factories and coal mines? Describe working conditions for children in the mines. What were some benefits that the working class gained as the Industrial Revolution progressed?

1 5 6 4 7 2 3

Ch. 5 Section 4 New Ways of Thinking California State Standard 10.3.6: Analyze the emergence of Capitalism, Socialism, and Communism.

Capitalism Laissez-Faire Free Market Ch 5 section 4 Vocabulary Capitalism Individuals own companies and are free to sell goods at a price in order to make a profit This is the type of economy that the US has Laissez-Faire Hands-off policy in business. (operate without govt. interference) Free Market Businesses are allowed to charge any price they want.

Vocabulary cont. Socialism Communism Bourgeoisie Proletariat Together, people own and operate the means of production. (businesses) Communism Last stage of socialism, where different social classes no longer exist and the people own businesses together. Bourgeoisie Middle class or business owners Proletariat Working class (factory workers, farm labor)

Capitalist Communists

Laissez-faire Economists Capitalists Adam Smith Free Market competition would cause lower prices Thomas Malthus Believed that population growth would cause the poor to suffer David Ricardo Believed that the poor could improve their lives, if they had less children

Adam Smith

Ch. 3 Section 4 New Ways of Thinking Adam Smith He believed in laissez-faire economics Laissez-Faire “Hands off” policy (no govt. interference) Free market (capitalism) would produce more goods at lower prices. Do you agree? If you have a lot of something, (pencils) do you think they would be expensive or in expensive? inexpensive, because the pencil company would want to sell to get rid of them.

Thomas Malthus

Laissez-Faire Thomas Malthus Supported Laissez-Faire economics Feared that population would increase, but that the food supply would not If there’s not enough food, then people die. Malthus also believed that WAR and Disease would decrease the population Malthus’s solution to the increased population Urged families to have fewer children If not, then Poor families would suffer

David Ricardo

Laissez-Faire David Ricardo Supported laissez-faire Agreed with Malthus that the poor had too many children Theory “iron law of wages” If wages are high, families had more children Problem Children increased supply of labor, which caused lower wages and high unemployment

Utilitarianism Jeremy Bentham John Stuart Mill Idea that the goal of society should be happiness for all Jeremy Bentham Believed that laws Should provide more Pleasure than pain John Stuart Mill Wanted the govt. to step in and improve the lives of the working class.

Jeremy Bentham

The Utilitarian Jeremy Bentham Believed in Utilitarianism; Idea that the goal of society should be happiness for all Believed that laws should provide more pleasure than pain Do you agree? He was ok with govt. interference as long as it helped those with problems

John Stuart Mill

Utilitarian John Stuart Mill Strongly believed in individual freedoms Also ok with government interference Wanted working class and women to vote Against child labor

Socialist Robert Owen Karl Marx Utopian All work should be shared and all property owned by the people Karl Marx Believed there was a struggle between bourgeoisie and proletariat Believed the Proletariat would win Workers would control society and everyone would be equal

Socialism Socialism People (public) own and operate businesses. Main reason for socialism Improve society and end the gap between the rich and the poor Everyone would be equal There would be no crime, no government, no disease, no sadness, no boredom

Robert Owen

The Utopians Robert Owen He was a Utopian Believed that all work should be shared and all property owned by the people No difference between the poor and rich Fighting would stop End child labor He owned a factory and treated and paid his employees well

Karl Marx

Scientific Socialism Karl Marx Disagreed with the Utopians (unreal) He saw the current problem as a class struggle between employers and employees Employers were the “haves” Bourgeoisie, or Middle class Employees were the “have-nots” Proletariat or working class In the end, he believed the proletariat would win

Karl Marx Marx hated capitalism, because it caused happiness for a few and poverty for many He supported Communism Classless society where the people run and own everything equally

Adam Smith 1. Who is a Socialist? David Ricardo Karl Marx

2. Which two are Utilitarians? John Stuart Mill Thomas Malthus Jeremy Bentham

3. Name the three people who supported laissez-faire economics. Karl Marx Adam Smith Robert Owen Jeremy Bentham John Stuart Mill Thomas Malthus David Ricardo 7 3 3. Name the three people who supported laissez-faire economics. 4 6 1 2 5

4. Which two groups did Karl Marx believe were against each other and who did he believe would win? 5. What was today’s standard? 6. What was the goal of Utilitarianism? 7. Who believed that laws should bring pleasure and not pain? 8. Who believed that the poor could improve their lives if they had less children?

What is the difference between a conservative and a liberal? What do you consider yourself to be, a conservative or liberal? Why? Which of the following is a liberal? George W. Bush Mr. Dabbs Karl Marx