Trends in the French National Research Policy Elisabeth Giacobino Director for Research Ministry of Education, Higher Education and Research

Civil Budget for R&D (BCRD) 2005 : about 9.3 billion Euros Most of the budget for R&D is managed by operators : Research organisations (EPST and EPIC) Universities and higher education establishments The Ministry distributes about 4% of the BCRD directly by means of specific calls

Research organisations Three types of research organisations : EPST are ruled by public accounting laws and employ government employees (mostly permanent, some post-docs and temporary positions) : CNRS, INSERM, INRA, … EPIC use private accounting regulations and employ people under private labour laws: CEA, CNES,. Foundations: funded by donations and public funds : Institut Pasteur, Institut Curie All of them may get private funding through contracts

Higher Education Establishments 160 higher education establishments, among which 86 Universities; the others are engineering or business schools Universities employ professors (with ranks from « maître de conférence » to full professor) who are government employees, together with a few non permanent assistant professors and invited professors. Universities and some of the high schools are funded for their research through specific 4-year contracts with the Ministry. It must be noted that many laboratories in the Universities are also associated with CNRS or another research organisation

Civil Budget for R&D (BCRD) break-down

Public budget for R&D (BCRD) breakdown 9.3 billion euros 16% 10% 8% 25% 10% 9% 2 % 11% 1% Espace Environnement Energie Transports, Aéronautique Sciences du vivant Sciences et Technologies de l'Information et de la Communication Sciences Humaines et de la Société Développement Mathématiques, Physique Non Ventilé BCRD includes salaries of researchers, but not of professors

R&D investments in Europe and the USA The proportion of gross national product allocated to R&D is smaller in the UE (1,94 %) than in the USA (2,8 %) and in Japan (2,98 %) The 3% objective is still far (Lisbonne 2000, Barcelone 2002) Source : Third European Report on S&T Indicators, 2003

Public funding for R&D Public funding for R&D, including Defence related R&D is lower in Europe than in the USA. However the civil R&D budget is higher in the UE (0,65%) than in the USA (0,43 %).

2005 Priorities of French research Bio-medical research and biotechnologies Information and communication technologies Nanotechnologies and nanosciences Energy, environment, sustainable development

Starting in 2005: Agence Nationale de la Recherche ANR Aim : to develop high level research and training and technology transfer 700M€ on 3-year projects (350M€ for the first year) Basic research and technological research in partnership with private enterprises partnership with regional and local governments

ANR bio-medical research, information technology, environment and energy, nanotechnologies setting up new high technology start-ups human and social sciences young researcher’s program high level professorships “white” programme

Increase attractivity for young researchers salary increase for research fellows and better social status (insurance, pension) more post-doctoral positions incentives for return of French nationals and for immigration of high level foreign researchers bonuses for researchers linked to patents and contracts

Develop private non-profit organisations and foundations: new tax law for donors (more tax reduction) tax reduction for foundations new statutes for foundations – easier to create – initial capital suppressed – consumable capital aim : increase the number of foundations, presently mainly aimed to bio-medical research (Pasteur, Curie, Gustave Roussy)

Develop research with private enterprises increase of tax refund for research implementation of “innovation plan” – new status for young and innovative enterprises – new regulations for business angels (tax relief) new measures to increase public-private partnership (Ph.D. fellowships, bonuses, tax deductions)

Next: a new law for research A national research council (ANR) An agency for industrial innovation (AII) Poles of higher education and research (PRES) New organization for evaluation New measures to increase public-private partnership (specific institutes) New measures for private research (tax deductions) 1 billion euros more each year for research (for 5 years)

Establishing new poles Regional poles with international visibility based on universities research organisations regional and local governments in order to develop high level research and training and technology transfer

France in the ERA Strong involvement in FP6 Overall support to proposed measures in FP7 collaborative research and centres of excellence, Joint Technological Initiatives, Marie Curie programme, ERC, Research Infrastructures, coordination of national research programmes

Participation in FP6 (June 2004) La France, en troisième position

France : participation and success rate in FP6

Thank you for your attention