Tools in ArcGIS Not only is there an immense toolbox, Tool Bars and (this is new!) ArcToolbox: Not only is there an immense toolbox, You can write your own scripts And add your own tools!

Exercise 4: Sea Level Rise Intro to Remote Sensing

What is Remote Sensing? The acquisition of information about an object or phenomenon without making physical contact with the object. PIGEONS! In 1903, Julius Neubronner designed a camera that could mount on a pigeon’s breast Lots of GIS data is obtained with Remote Sensing, but we don’t use pigeons anymore (much?)

Advantages of Remote Sensing? Low cost and uniform manner Detectors can access beyond human eyesight Easier than on-the-ground surveys Images locked in time Large Area Coverage Extended Spectral Range Geometric Accuracy Permanent Record Amazing Applications! NASA’s Deep Space Network antenna at Goldstone, California

Electromagnetic Energy Interactions Most remote sensing data is based on energy from the sun… Energy recorded by remote sensing systems undergoes fundamental interactions that should be understood to properly interpret the remotely sensed data. Think about pathways. For example, if the energy being remotely sensed comes from the Sun, the energy: • is radiated by atomic particles at the source (the Sun), • propagates through the vacuum of space at the speed of light, • interacts with the Earth's atmosphere, • interacts with the Earth's surface, • interacts with the Earth's atmosphere once again, and • finally reaches the remote sensor where it interacts with various optical systems, filters, emulsions, or detectors.

Various Pathways of Radiance Received by a Remote Sensing System Energy-matter interactions occur in the atmosphere, at the study area, and at the remote sensor detector

Transmittance and the Electromagnetic Spectrum

Considerations for Remote Sensing Data Aerial vs Satellite Passive vs Active Signal pathway Absorption Transmittance Reflectance Sensor design Terrain and Tilt Distortion Resolution

Different Spectral Bands Sensors gather various kinds of information! Infrared Image Of the Dolores River from 1974 Supplied by the BLM Can you see the Cottonwood Trees? The SPATIAL resolution is high enough. The SPECTRAL resolution of the sensor only needs to be high enough to distinguish between red vegetation, dark water, etc. Reflectance Wavelength

Spectral Data Box – We want GIS for this! These Are a Simplified This Moffat Field Airport, CA

LiDAR and RADAR – Active systems

Bathymetry, Altimetry and MODIS Imagery (Today’s Remotely Sensed Layers) Bathymetry – topography of the ocean floor Soundings Satellite Radar Altimetry – topography of land Air Pressure Sonic measurements Radar (airplane and satellite) MODIS = Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiaometer True Color Imagery

ArcGIS bits we will see in our exercise today Data View vs. Layout View Scale bar North arrow (Legend) Working with raster and vector data Peek into ArcToolbox Conversion Tools Spatial Analyst Tools

Thursday - Geodesy and Projections Questions?