Science, Society and Solutions

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Presentation transcript:

Science, Society and Solutions IDS 3211 Global Climate Change: Science, Society and Solutions Science Part http://vortex.ihrc.fiu.edu/IDS_3211C/IDS3211.htm

1. Weather and Climate (Page 10) Weather: state of the atmosphere at a given time and place. It is constantly changing. Climate: “average” weather conditions, but the average doesn’t stay steady. I.e. Ice ages, El Niño, etc. A typical weather map for a day in late December Mean percentage of possible sunshine in November

2. The climate System (Page 10-11) Four “Spheres” in the climate system: Geosphere, Atmosphere, Hydrosphere, Biosphere

All Parts of the Climate-System Are Linked

3. World Climate (Page 11) Climate Classification

Climate Controls (pages 10-13) Latitude Land and Water Geographic Position Mountains and Highlands Ocean Currents Pressure and Wind Systems

4. Detecting Climate Change (Pages, 40-43) Proxy data – indirect evidence using natural recorders of climate variability Sea floor sediments Oxygen isotope analysis Coral deposits Glacial ice rings Tree rings Fossil Pollen Historical documents Paleoclimatology

5. Natural Causes of Climate Change (Pages 18, 34, 40,62-63) Change in Solar energy and activities Variations in Earth’s Orbit Plate Tectonics Volcanic Eruptions

6. Climate and Atmosphere (Pages 12, 13) Composition of atmosphere Vertical structure of atmosphere

What drives atmospheric motions? (Page 13)

7. Climate and Ocean Currents (Pages 11, 49, 61) Surface Current: Wind driven Deep ocean current: Density driven Currents equalize global temperatures Currents control climate

8. Humans and Climate Change (Pgaes 19, 32-35,46-47) Human impacts Green house gas production Land use Deforestation Pollutants “bad” compounds for the atmosphere…

Atmosphere’s Greenhouse Effect (Pages 14, 22-27,34-35,41-43

Greenhouse gas: Water vapor Water Phase Changes To view this animation, click “View” and then “Slide Show” on the top navigation bar.

Carbon Cycle The lifetime of CO2 in the atmosphere is about a decade. But this uptake and release Is balanced. It just recycle it. Ocean can dissolve some CO2 as a removal mechanism. But it is a very slow process (hundreds or thousands of years). But excessive use of fossil fuels break the balance.

Trace gases, other important greenhouse gases (Pages 28-29) CFC-11 CFC-12 HCFC-22

Ozone layer and climate (Pages 30-31) The Ozone Hole First team activity: Discussion of greenhouse effect and global warming First Exam

9. Complication in Climate Change (Pages 24-25) Systems Feedback

10.El Niño and La Niña (Pages 49-50, 90-91,103)

El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) (Pages 90, 199) Darwin Tahiti 1958-1998

11. Extreme climate anomalies: Western North American drought, 2003 European heat wave, hurricane activity, snow vanishing (Pages 48-59)

12. General Circulation Models (Pages 65)

13. Climate-Cloud feedback (Pages 25, 31, 178) 14. Climate-Aerosol feedback (Pages 18-19, 45, 179, 184)

15. How sensitive is the climate? (Page 78-85) Modern evidence Evidence from the past centuries Evidence from deep time 16. Fossil-fuel emissions scenarios (Page 86-91)

17. Geographical pattern of future warming (Page 92-93)

18. Nature’s response to CO2 increase (Page94-97)

19. Changes in the Oceans (Page 98-99) Polar Ice Melting Ocean acidity increase Rising Sea Level

20. Future changes in extreme weather (Page 100-103) 21. Is a greenhouse world a better world (Page 104-105) Second team activity: Discussion of possible climate change in different fossil-fuel emissions scenarios Second Exam