© 2012 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved. Chapter One

© 2012 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved.  Wellness – Optimal health and vitality  The Dimensions of Wellness  Physical  Emotional  Intellectual  Interpersonal (or Social)  Spiritual  Environmental  Other aspects: Occupational and Financial  The dimensions of wellness interact continuously, influencing and being influenced by one another 2

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 1900 versus today  Infectious disease  A disease that is communicable from one person to another  Chronic disease  A disease that develops and continues over a long period of time 5

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Causes of Death Number of Deaths Heart disease616,067 Cancer562,875 Stroke135,952 Chronic lower respiratory diseases 127,924 Unintentional injuries123,706 Alzheimer's disease74,632 Causes of Death Number of Deaths Diabetes mellitus71,382 Influenza and pneumonia52,717 Kidney disease46,448 Septicemia (systemic blood infection) 34,828 Intentional self-harm (suicide) 34,598 Chronic liver disease29,165 7

© 2012 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved. 8 Healthy life 66.2 years Impaired life 11.7 years Life expectancy 77.9 years

© 2012 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved. Number of Deaths per year Percentage of Total Deaths per year Tobacco440, Obesity112, Alcohol85, Microbial agents75, Toxic agents55,

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© 2012 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved.  Healthy People 2020 objectives:  Eliminate preventable disease, disability, injury, and premature death  Achieve health equity, eliminate disparities, and improve the health of all groups  Create social and physical environments that promote good health for all  Promote healthy development and healthy behaviors across every stage of life 11

© 2012 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved.  Healthy Campus 2010  Based on the guidelines of Healthy People 2010, but designed specifically for college students  Assists colleges in developing plans to improve student health  More than 200 health-related objectives 12

© 2012 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved.  Sex and Gender  Ethnicity  Income and Education  Disability  Geographic location  Sexual orientation 13

© 2012 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved. 14 Figure 1.4 Self-rated Health Status and Quality of Care

© 2012 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved.  Health habits  Heredity/Family history  Environment  Access to health care  Behavior can make a difference! 15

© 2012 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved.  Getting serious about your health  Examine current health habits  Choose a target behavior  Learn about your target behavior  Find help 16

© 2012 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved.  Examine the pros and cons of change  Boost self-efficacy  Locus of control  Internal control versus external control  Visualization and self-talk  Role models and supportive people  Identify and overcome key barriers to change 17

© 2012 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved. The transtheoretical, or “stages of change,” model:  Precontemplation  Contemplation  Preparation  Action  Maintenance  Termination 18

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© 2012 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved.  Forgive yourself  Give yourself credit for the progress you have already made  Move on 20

© 2012 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved. 1. Monitor your behavior and gather data 2. Analyze the data and identify patterns 3. Be “SMART” about setting goals 4. Devise a plan of action  Get what you need  Modify your environment  Control related habits  Reward yourself  Involve the people around you  Plan for challenges 5. Make a personal contract 21

© 2012 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved. 22 Figure 1.7 A Sample Behavior Change Contract

© 2012 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved.  Stick to your commitment.  Remember your reasons to make changes.  Remember, you are the boss.  Use all your strategies.  Make sure your environment is change-friendly.  Get support and encouragement from others.  Keep track of your progress in a health journal.  Give yourself regular rewards. 23

© 2012 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved.  Social influences  Levels of motivation and commitment  Choice of techniques and level of effort  Stress barriers  Procrastinating, rationalizing, and blaming 24

© 2012 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved.  Making changes in your world  What does the future hold? 25

© 2012 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved. Chapter One