PHYSICAL PHENOMENA RELATED TO MOON’S MOTION ظواهر طبيعية مرتبطة بحركة القمر د. عـوض وداعة موسى.

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Presentation transcript:

PHYSICAL PHENOMENA RELATED TO MOON’S MOTION ظواهر طبيعية مرتبطة بحركة القمر د. عـوض وداعة موسى

Lunar Phases, Eclipses and Tides منازل القمر، الكسوف والمد والجزر

Lunar Phases: منازل ( أطوار ) القمر تعالى في سورة يس : Lunar Phases: منازل ( أطوار ) القمر تعالى في سورة يس : ( والقمر قدرناه منازل حتى عاد كالعرجون القديم (39) لا الشمس ينبغي لها أن تدرك القمر ولا الليل سابق النهار وكل في فلك يسبحون (40))

Lunar Phases منازل ( أطوار ) القمر The Moon revolves around the Earth counter-clockwise, while the Earth revolves around the Sun also counter-clockwise. The Moon revolves around the Earth counter-clockwise, while the Earth revolves around the Sun also counter-clockwise. يدور القمر حول الأرض عكس دوران عقارب الساعة وكذلك تدور الأرض حول الشمس. يدور القمر حول الأرض عكس دوران عقارب الساعة وكذلك تدور الأرض حول الشمس. The phase of the Moon that we see from Earth depends upon the alignment of the Sun, Moon, and Earth at any given time as they revolve. The phase of the Moon that we see from Earth depends upon the alignment of the Sun, Moon, and Earth at any given time as they revolve. طور القمر الذي نراه يعتمد على الزاوية بين الشمس والأرض والقمر عند أية لحظة. طور القمر الذي نراه يعتمد على الزاوية بين الشمس والأرض والقمر عند أية لحظة.

Aspects of Lunar Phases Hemisphere between Sun and Earth Hemisphere between Earth and outer space

6 المحاق ( العرجون القديم ) New الهلال Waxing Crescent التربيع الأول 1 st Quarter الأحدب المتزايد Waxing Gibbous البدر Full الأحدب المتناقص Waning Gibbous التربيع الأخير Last Quarter المحاق ( العرجون القديم ) New المحاق ( العرجون القديم ) New الهلال Waxing Crescent التربيع الأول 1 st Quarter الأحدب المتزايد Waxing Gibbous البدر Full الأحدب المتناقص Waning Gibbous التربيع الأخير Last Quarter المحاق ( العرجون القديم ) New Phases: منازل ( أطوار ) القمر

At what angles do the moon be: 1. New crescent? 2. Full crescent?

Lunar Phases Waxing crescent 1 st quarter – waxing gibbous Waxing gibbous Full – waning gibbous Waning gibbous – waning crescent Waning crescent

الكسوف Eclipses الكسوف Eclipses When the Sun or Moon is blocked to an observer on Earth over a short period of time an eclipse has occurred. When the Sun or Moon is blocked to an observer on Earth over a short period of time an eclipse has occurred. ( عندما تُحجب الشمس أو القمر عن مراقب على الأرض، لفترة صغيرة، فإن الكسوف يحدث ). If the Sun is blocked it is a solar eclipse. ( كسوف شمسي ) If the Sun is blocked it is a solar eclipse. ( كسوف شمسي ) If the Moon is blocked it is lunar eclipse. ( كسوف قمري ( خسوف )) If the Moon is blocked it is lunar eclipse. ( كسوف قمري ( خسوف ))

Lunar Eclipse الخسوف The Sun may be blocked by the Earth which casts a shadow. As the Moon travels into the shadow it is gradually covered. Ancients thought the Moon was being eaten.

At what phase of the moon does Lunar eclipse occur? في أي طور من أطوار القمر يحدث الخسوف ؟ في أي طور من أطوار القمر يحدث الخسوف ؟

أي المواضع الموضحة أعلاه يحدث عندها خسوف وأيها (4,3,2,1) لا يحدث عندها خسوف ولماذا؟

In previous slide: In positions 1 and 4 the Moon’s orbital tilt places the Moon-Earth- Sun in alignment so a lunar eclipse can occur. At positions 2 and 3, even though the lunar phase is full, the Earth’s shadow misses the Moon so no eclipse occurs.

Lunar Eclipse Sequence تسلسل رؤية وزوال الخسوف Passing into the shadow Totality Coming out of the shadow

This is an animation showing a total lunar eclipse from start To finish.

Solar Eclipse الكسوف When the Moon passes directly between the Earth and the Sun, the Moon casts a shadow on the Earth. Where the shadow falls, observers will see an eclipse of the Sun, a solar eclipse. As with a lunar eclipse, the shadow of the Moon may fall above or below Earth and no eclipse occurs. If the entire Sun is covered we see a total eclipse; of only part if the surface is blocked we see a partial eclipse.

Here is an animation showing a total solar eclipse Remember that it is not safe to stare at a solar eclipse !!!

This animation shows that the moon creates a small shadow which only allows certain areas of the earth to see a total solar eclipse.

Types of Solar Eclipses: أنواع الكسوف There are four types of solar eclipse: There are four types of solar eclipse: Partial eclipse كسوف جزئي Partial eclipse كسوف جزئي Total eclipse كسوف كلي Total eclipse كسوف كلي Annular eclipse كسوف حلقي Annular eclipse كسوف حلقي Hybrid eclipse كسوف هجين Hybrid eclipse كسوف هجين

Partial Eclipse كسوف جزئي

Total Eclipse كسوف كلي

Annular Eclipse كسوف حلقي

Hybrid Eclipse كسوف هجين

صورة لظل القمر على الأرض من محطة مير This i s a photo taken from the former Soviet space station MIR. It shows the shadow of the Moon falling on the Earth in Anyone under the shadow saw a solar eclipse.

Annular Eclipse If the Moon’s shadow falls short, an observer on Earth will see only some of the Sun’s surface blocked. This configuration results in an annular eclipse.

Safely Viewing Eclipse الاستمتاع بمنظر الكسوف بأمان

Directly looking at the Sun, even for a short time, CAN, PERMANENTLY DAMAGE YOUR EYESIGHT. النظر المباشر لقرص الشمس عند الكسوف ولو لفترة صغيرة يضر ضرراً بليغاً بالعين، وذلك لأن أشعة الشمس المباشرة تتلف شبكية العين دون ألم،.UV لاحتوائها على نسبة عالية من أشعة

خواص النظارات المستخدمة You should choose sunglasses that: reduce glare. تقلل الوهج الشمسي filter out )99-100% of UV( تحجز protect your eyes. تحمي العين are comfortable to wear. مريحة do not distort colours. لا تشوه الألوان BEST LENSES ARE THE GREY ONES. أفضل ألوان العدسات لمشاهدة الكسوف هي العدسات الرمادية.

You can also use: used or expired photographic films. أفلام التصوير المستعملة أو منتهية الصلاحية. used or expired X- R films. أفلام الأشعة المستعملة أو منتهية الصلاحية. car shadowing materials. بعض مواد تظليل زجاج السيارات.

Avoid using filters of materials of red and violet colours. تجنب استخدام مرشحات يميل لونها للون الأحمر أو البنفسج لأنها تمرر ترددات الأشعة الحمراء والبنفسجية مما يزيد من احتمالية الإضرار بالعين.

How to use Filter Material

Upcoming Solar Eclipses (MACCA) NASA Upcoming Solar Eclipses (MACCA) NASA 29 / 4 /2014 9:04:32 am Annular 23 / 10 / :45:39 am Partial 20 / 3 / :46:47 pm Total 13 / 9 / :55:19 am Partial 9 / 5 / :58;19 am Total 1 / 9 / :08:02 pm Annular 26 / 2/ :54:32 pm Annular

صلاة الكسوف حكم صلاة الكسوف : صلاة الكسوف سُنة مؤكدة عند وجود سببها؛ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيهِ وَسَلَّمَ : ( إِنَّ الشَّمْسَ وَالْقَمَرَ آيَتَانِ مِنْ آيَاتِ اللَّهِ لا يَنْكَسِفَانِ لِمَوْتِ أَحَدٍ وَلا لِحَيَاتِهِ، فَإِذَا رَأَيْتُمُوهُمَا فَادْعُوا اللَّهَ وَصَلُّوا حَتَّى يَنْجَلِيَ ) [ رواه البخاري ومسلم ] وقت صلاة الكسوف : يبدأ وقت صلاة الكسوف من حين ابتداء الكسوف حتى ذهابه وانجلائه. صفة صلاة الكسوف : صلاة الكسوف ركعتان جهراً؛ في كل ركعة ركوعان لحديث عائشة رضي الله عنها ( أَنَّ النَّبِىَّ صلى الله عليه وسلم جَهَرَ في صَلاَةِ الْخُسُوفِ بِقِرَاءَتِهِ...) [ رواه البخاري ومسلم ]. -

ختاماً لكم الشكر للحضور والمتابعة