BIG IDEA: The changing positions of the moon, Earth, and sun cause the phases of the moon, tides, and eclipses!!

 The rock sphere that travels around Earth.  Rotates and Revolves. ◦ At the same speed!

 Different shapes of the moon as seen from Earth.  The moon Does Not give off its own light!!! ◦ it only reflects light from the sun.  As the moon revolves around Earth, we observe different amounts of its lighted surface.

 Phases of the moon ◦ New Moon ◦ Waxing crescent ◦ First quarter ◦ Waxing gibbous

 Full moon  Waning gibbous  Third quarter  Waning crescent

 Moon Terms ◦ Waxing-when the moon appears to be growing in the sky. ◦ Waning-when the moon appears to be shrinking in the sky. ◦ Crescent-when the moon appears to be a sliver in the sky. ◦ Gibbous-when more than half the moon appears in the sky.

 The rise and fall of ocean waters twice a day.  Caused by the gravitational pull of the moon and the gravitational pull of the sun.

 The moon’s gravity pulls the oceans into two bulges, one facing the moon and the other on the opposite side of Earth.

 Spring Tides ◦ Gravity from the sun and moon combine to form the largest high tides.

 Neap Tides ◦ Sun and moon’s gravity go against each other perpendicularly to form the smallest high tides.

 When the sun, Earth, and moon line up and cast a shadow on one another.

 Solar Eclipse ◦ The Moon casts a shadow on the Earth. ◦ Occurs during a new moon.

 Lunar Eclipse ◦ Earth’s shadow is cast upon the moon. ◦ Occurs during a full moon.

 Total solar eclipse ◦ The moon casts two shadows on the Earth.  Penumbra-the partial shadow of the moon.  Umbra-complete shadow of the moon. ◦ Under the Umbra, the entire sun is blocked out, it appears to be night. (total solar eclipse).

 Total Lunar Eclipse ◦ When the moon falls into Earth’s umbra. ◦ Much more common than solar eclipses.