Conversion/Mapping of PDH Rates to SDH

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Presentation transcript:

Conversion/Mapping of PDH Rates to SDH Presented By: Dr Muhammad Khalil Shahid PTCL Training & Development

Mapping Process of adapting tributaries into Virtual Containers (VCs) by adding justification bits and Path Overhead (POH) information To make the various tributary signals synchronized with related virtual containers VC can be an independent entity in the transmission, multiplexing and cross connection

Low Rate SDH → High Rate SDH: Byte Interleave Continue.. Low Rate SDH → High Rate SDH: Byte Interleave PDH → STM-N: Synchronous Multiplexing & Flexible Mapping 140M→STM-N 34M→STM-N 2M→STM-N No container for E2 (8 Mbps)

Alignment Process of including in a Tributary Unit (TU) or an Administrative Unit (AU) Pointers To allow the first byte of the Virtual Container to be located Provide a flexible and dynamic method for alignment of VC in the unit (TU or AU-4) frame

Multiplexing Process of adapting multiple lower-order path layer signals into a higher-order path signal When the higher-order path signals are adapted into a Multiplex Section This type of multiplexing comes under synchronous multiplexing category

Stuffing After multiplexing & aligning, some spare capacity is required to provide space for various tributary rates This space capacity is filled with "fixed stuffing" bits that carry no information Required to fill up the particular frame

Virtual Container (VC) The digital flow from the standard container combined with path overhead forms a virtual container (VC) C-4 + POH (9 bytes) = VC-4 (9x261 bytes) C-3 + POH (9 bytes) = VC-3 (9x85 bytes) C-12 + POH (1 byte) = VC-12 (35 bytes) It is the most important information structure in SDH which supports path layer connection