Rocky IV: Training in the Soviet Union

Soviet Union- Warsaw Pact Eastern Europe Cuba China North Korea North Vietnam USA- NATO Western Europe Middle East Canada South Korea South Vietnam

Division of Germany after WWII ← Berlin

Nuclear Weapons USA (1945) and USSR (1949) only countries with atomic weapons Both sides had Hydrogen Bombs more destructive (1953) Fear of Nuclear War- Duck and Cover/Fall out shelters Limit weapons to prevent a nuclear attack Bert the Turtle Question: How did the Cold War affect everyday life?

Sports Competitions 1980 Olympics- “Miracle on Ice” US hockey Team beats Soviets 1976 USA Boycotts Moscow Olympics 1984 Soviets Boycott Olympics in USA Boxing 1980 Miracle on Ice Question: How did Miracle affect the Cold War and people’s attitudes towards it?

Spies-Intelligence gathering Planes looking & testing atmosphere for evidence of weapons US Senator Joseph McCarthy-Red Scare Julius and Ethel Rosenberg- Soviet Spies executed in USA (1953) Rosenberg Trial:

Space Race Education Focus: Math & Science Sputnik-SU Satellite (1957) NASA- National Aeronautics and Space Administration- Eisenhower (1958) Humans in Space-Yuri Gagarin-SU (1961) John Glenn-USA (1962) Apollo 11- Man on the Moon-Buzz Aldrin and Neil Armstrong- USA (1969) President Kennedy Speech at Rice University: 8:40 Neil Armstrong 40 year anniversary:

The Berlin Wall A wall erected by the Soviets completely surrounding Free West Berlin. WHY – to keep the people of Soviet controlled East Berlin from escaping to Free West Berlin Soviets built it to keep their communist workers in =A9mWgqYBZos (Berlin Wall 9:20) =A9mWgqYBZos =ywY67XU56KE&feature=relmfu (Escape from Berlin 9:19) =ywY67XU56KE&feature=relmfu

US Foreign Policy Truman Doctrine- Marshall Plan- Containment-

Early Indirect Conflicts Berlin Airlift Stalin cut off supply lines to Berlin, but the allies supplied West Berliners with food and fuel for over a year Chinese Communist Revolution Mao Zedong establishes a Communist Totalitarian State Korean War Division at the 38 th parallel –North Korea- Communist- ruled by Kim Il Sung –South Korea- Capitalist- US support

Communism in the Western Hemisphere Cuban Revolution- Fidel Castro sets up a communist government Bay of Pigs Invasion JFK’s failed attempt at sending US trained Cuban exiles to overthrow Castro Trade Embargo on Cuba Cuban Missile Crisis Soviets put missiles in Cuba and the USA put missiles in Turkey. The JFK set up a naval blockade and Khrushchev agreed to -remove missiles.

Another Proxy War Vietnam War The US attempts to stop the spread of Communism from the North (Ho Chi Minh) to the South (Ngo Dinh Diem). US policy Vietnamization-US pulls out Saigon falls to the North and communism Cambodia US bombed North Vietnamese trade route in Cambodia

Falling Apart – the End of the Cold War Protests began in many Eastern European countries People wanted a say in their government Leaders of countries tried to squash this with military power

Mikhail Gorbachev Became leader of Soviet Union in /3 of population was living in poverty Policies –Ease tension with US (Reagan) –Pulled out of Afghanistan –Glasnost (openness) allowed political and intellectual debate –Perestroika (restructuring) political and economic change Instituted elections for Congress and President

Fall of the Berlin Wall November 9, Travel restrictions lifted and Berlin Wall is torn down Reagan Speech-4 min Berlin Wall Falls-3:20 Crossing to Freedom-3:56

It’s falling… Glasnost and Perestroika resulted in chaos. This led to uprisings Satellite countries began to declare independence from the USSR Hungary led protests but were squashed by Russian tanks and troops in the 1950s. No one wanted to fight back until… Czechoslovakian people had protest marches with millions of people…their government could not stop them so they asked for change and they get it! (starts here first) 1990 Czechoslovakia will become first country to break away from the Soviets and become a democracy Communism is falling apart and Russia can’t stop it! People are mad at Gorbachev and he resigns!

It’s falling…Poland While Czechoslovakia was fighting for their freedom and democracy (and they WIN it in 1991), Polish workers unite to fight for their rights Lech Walesa, a union leader, rises to the top as the man who will lead Poland to freedom over communism around 1988 In 1991 Walesa unites all of Poland and communism falls in Poland He becomes the 1 st freely elected President of Poland Now other countries fight back and communism falls all over Eastern Europe – the COLD WAR ENDS!!

Independence Movements CZECHOSLOVAKIA: 1989 student protests, Peaceful division of country EAST GERMANY: 1989, May free elections Destruction of Berlin wall, protests, free elections HUNGARY: Dec Informal democratic political groups, PROTESTS BULGARIA: 1989 Hunger strikes, protests, mass exodus POLAND: 1989 Lech Walesa led workers on strikes & protests. Walesa 1 st democratically elected president in Eastern Europe ROMANIA: 1990 protests, killed leader, revolted, army joined protesters USSR: 1991 Satellite nations gain independence and free elections END OF COLD WAR!!!!!

Fall of Communism Boris Yeltsin-Democracy and a Market Economy based on capitalism helps Russia 1991 official breakup of the Soviet Union

Review Questions Why is the Berlin Wall so important? Which country fought for independence first? Who is Lech Walesa? Which country is he connected with? Why did communism fall?