Organic Chemistry Applied Chemistry Milbank High School

Organic Chemistry Chemistry of compounds that contain carbon –Combine mainly with hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen –Over 10 million compounds made with these 4 elements 95% of compounds contain carbon

Properties Very Flammable! –Combustion reactions Don’t react with other compounds much

Types Hydrocarbons Alcohols, phenols, ethers Carboxylic acids, amines, ketones

Hydrocarbons Methane, ethane, propane Ethylene Acetylene

Alcohols Methanol Ethanol Isopropyl alcohol

Ethanol –Wines 12% ethanol –Champagnes 14-20% ethanol –Beers 4% ethanol –Whiskey 50% ethanol Proof spirit: alcoholic content of a beverage, twice that of the alcohol content by volume (whiskey: 100 proof)

Ethanol Con’t Toxic to humans Acute poisoning kills several hundred a year (drinking contests) Long term poisoning –Most serious drug problem in US –40 times more addicts than heroin

More alcohols Nitroglycerin Ethylene glycol Identification of alcohols: –Contain an OH group

Alcohol in the Blood Ethanol is a depressant, not a stimulant –Diminished judgment and less control of actions Does NOT keep you warm in cold weather –Causes blood vessels to dilate –Accelerates the loss of heat loss –½ of all frostbite victims are legally drunk –Shortens life span by contributing to diseases of the liver, cardiovascular system, and almost every other organ in the body

Octane Rating Amount of octane (isooctane) present in gasoline Remainder is heptane Catalytic reforming –Change low octane fuels into high octane fuels Additives –Ethers, alcohols

Distillation Method of separating chemicals based upon their boiling point Crude oil Water from salt water etc Alcohol

Titration Used to determine the concentration of a known reactant Indicator –Shows when the solutions are at equilibrium Utilizes precise measurements and requires accurate lab skills