Chapter 21.1 English and American Revolutions

 You have been elected to the Student Government (SG’s) at your High School. Lately, the government has been having some problems. First, only some of the very wealthy students can be elected. You have been fortunate to be elected to the SG this year and want to be actively involved. The President of student government is not elected. He is always a relative of one of the Student Government’s original founders. The current President became the government’s leader when his older brother graduated last year. The President makes all of the decisions for the student government. He can make a decision to have a party, who to invite, how much money to spend, and what to spend it on. The Student Government gets its money from the class members. As a member of the SG you can vote on how much money each person has to contribute. Lately the President has been spending lots of the Student Government’s money by throwing big parties and buying expensive things for himself and the club. The members can offer suggestions on how the SG’s money is spent, but the President doesn’t have to listen to them. Members can decide whether or not to contribute more money to the club’s activities. In addition, there is a minority group of students in the school who have signed a petition for some changes in the school, and the President refuses to even discuss them. There are no regular meetings, but the President can call a meeting whenever he wants. Lately, he has only called a meeting when he needs more money. He can also disband the club whenever he wants. Yesterday, the President called a meeting to ask for more contributions because the SG is running low on funds… Predict what you think will happen  You have been elected to the Student Government (SG’s) at your High School. Lately, the government has been having some problems. First, only some of the very wealthy students can be elected. You have been fortunate to be elected to the SG this year and want to be actively involved. The President of student government is not elected. He is always a relative of one of the Student Government’s original founders. The current President became the government’s leader when his older brother graduated last year. The President makes all of the decisions for the student government. He can make a decision to have a party, who to invite, how much money to spend, and what to spend it on. The Student Government gets its money from the class members. As a member of the SG you can vote on how much money each person has to contribute. Lately the President has been spending lots of the Student Government’s money by throwing big parties and buying expensive things for himself and the club. The members can offer suggestions on how the SG’s money is spent, but the President doesn’t have to listen to them. Members can decide whether or not to contribute more money to the club’s activities. In addition, there is a minority group of students in the school who have signed a petition for some changes in the school, and the President refuses to even discuss them. There are no regular meetings, but the President can call a meeting whenever he wants. Lately, he has only called a meeting when he needs more money. He can also disband the club whenever he wants. Yesterday, the President called a meeting to ask for more contributions because the SG is running low on funds… Predict what you think will happen

 How does the SG president get power?  How does he get his money?  What is your power as a member of student government?  Who is the minority group and what is their role in student government?  How does the SG president get power?  How does he get his money?  What is your power as a member of student government?  Who is the minority group and what is their role in student government?

Terrible Tudors  Tudor family - ruled England for over 100 years  Henry VIII - best known for bringing the Reformation to England, creating Church of England & having 6 wives - 2 were beheaded  Act of Supremacy - passed by Parliament, it made Henry VIII head of the English church instead of the Pope  Tudor family - ruled England for over 100 years  Henry VIII - best known for bringing the Reformation to England, creating Church of England & having 6 wives - 2 were beheaded  Act of Supremacy - passed by Parliament, it made Henry VIII head of the English church instead of the Pope

Henry’s 6 Wives  Catherine of Aragon - Divorced  Mary  Anne Bolelyn - Beheaded  Elizabeth  Jane Seymour - Died  Edward VI  Anne of Cleves - Divorced  Catherine Howard - Beheaded  Catherine Parr - Alive  Catherine of Aragon - Divorced  Mary  Anne Bolelyn - Beheaded  Elizabeth  Jane Seymour - Died  Edward VI  Anne of Cleves - Divorced  Catherine Howard - Beheaded  Catherine Parr - Alive

Terrible Tudors  Edward VI- 9 years old at Henry’s death  Parliament rules England for 6 years until Edward’s death  Mary I - “Bloody Mary” Wants England to become Catholic, Executes Protestants  Elizabeth I- Rules for 45 years, strengthens relationship w/ parliament, never marries  END OF TUDOR MONARCHY - STUART MONARCH BEGINS WITH JAMES I  Edward VI- 9 years old at Henry’s death  Parliament rules England for 6 years until Edward’s death  Mary I - “Bloody Mary” Wants England to become Catholic, Executes Protestants  Elizabeth I- Rules for 45 years, strengthens relationship w/ parliament, never marries  END OF TUDOR MONARCHY - STUART MONARCH BEGINS WITH JAMES I

Enlightenment Ideas  How do you think the ideas of the philosopher’s will effect government?  Individual Rights (Locke)  Limited Powers of Gov’t (Montesquieu, Rousseau, Voltaire)  Right to overthrow govt (Locke)  How do you think the ideas of the philosopher’s will effect government?  Individual Rights (Locke)  Limited Powers of Gov’t (Montesquieu, Rousseau, Voltaire)  Right to overthrow govt (Locke)

King James I First of Stuart Family Believed in Divine Right of Kings Believed power was given to them from God Ignored the Magna Carta the first document that limiting the King’s Power

King James I Sold titles of Nobility Accepted money/bribes for prestigious titles Persecuted Puritans minority members of Anglican Church, wanted to purify church from Catholic practices – begin fleeing to America Reign marked by political and religious divisions Sold titles of Nobility Accepted money/bribes for prestigious titles Persecuted Puritans minority members of Anglican Church, wanted to purify church from Catholic practices – begin fleeing to America Reign marked by political and religious divisions

King Charles I  Also believed in Divine Right - James’ Son  Believed power came from God  Tried to Rule without Parliament  Quartering of Soldiers - Forced citizens to feed and house soldiers  Martial Law - temporary military rule with limitations on individual rights

Petition of Rights  Parliament forces Charles to sign Petition of Rights– 4 limits on power: Severely limit the power of the King 1.) No taxes without Parliaments consent 2.) No imprisonment without just cause 3.) No quartering of troops 4.) No martial law Charles signs, but does not follow!

Petition of Rights Pictogram  Divide your paper into four squares  Title it Petition of Rights  Label each square 1.) No taxes without Parliaments consent 2.) No imprisonment without just cause 3.) No quartering of troops 4.) No martial law  Draw a picture describing each limitation  Divide your paper into four squares  Title it Petition of Rights  Label each square 1.) No taxes without Parliaments consent 2.) No imprisonment without just cause 3.) No quartering of troops 4.) No martial law  Draw a picture describing each limitation

Charles I  He only calls Parliament when he needs more money (only calling a friend when you need something)  Disbands Parliament when they say no  During this time the Puritans power is increasing in Parliament  He only calls Parliament when he needs more money (only calling a friend when you need something)  Disbands Parliament when they say no  During this time the Puritans power is increasing in Parliament

Immediate cause of the Civil War  19 Propositions – 19 limitations on the powers of the king  Makes Parliament above the Monarch  Charles refuses to share power with Parliament  Leads to Civil War  19 Propositions – 19 limitations on the powers of the king  Makes Parliament above the Monarch  Charles refuses to share power with Parliament  Leads to Civil War

Underlying Causes of Civil War  Political role of Parliament  Parliament and Charles I competing for power  Unfair system of taxation  Charles I forcing people to give him money  The Religion of the Kings  Charles I - Church of England vs Puritans  Political role of Parliament  Parliament and Charles I competing for power  Unfair system of taxation  Charles I forcing people to give him money  The Religion of the Kings  Charles I - Church of England vs Puritans

English Civil War  War between Roundheads and Cavaliers  Royalists (Cavaliers) supported the King and Roundheads (Puritans) supported Parliament  War between Roundheads and Cavaliers  Royalists (Cavaliers) supported the King and Roundheads (Puritans) supported Parliament

Roundheads

Royalists

Oliver Cromwell  Oliver Cromwell – leads Roundheads to victory after 4 years in May  Puritans control Parliament, Charles surrenders in 1647 & is executed in 1649 (English people shocked) New govt:  Commonwealth- a state ruled by elected representatives  Cromwell leads following Puritan Rules  Eventually disbands Commonwealth and rules as a dictator  Oliver Cromwell – leads Roundheads to victory after 4 years in May  Puritans control Parliament, Charles surrenders in 1647 & is executed in 1649 (English people shocked) New govt:  Commonwealth- a state ruled by elected representatives  Cromwell leads following Puritan Rules  Eventually disbands Commonwealth and rules as a dictator

Charles II  Accepts limits on his power  Magna Carta, Petition of Rights  Accepted Habeas Corpus  Could not be held in prison without just cause or a trial  He is called the Merry Monarch  Issue arise over who inherits the throne  Two political parties form in Parliament over James II (Catholic) right to inherit throne Whigs (want to exclude James) and Tories (in favor of James in power)  Accepts limits on his power  Magna Carta, Petition of Rights  Accepted Habeas Corpus  Could not be held in prison without just cause or a trial  He is called the Merry Monarch  Issue arise over who inherits the throne  Two political parties form in Parliament over James II (Catholic) right to inherit throne Whigs (want to exclude James) and Tories (in favor of James in power)

James II  Attempts to re-establish an Absolute Monarchy  Claimed he had the right to suspend laws  Appoints Catholics to high govt positions  When he dies, his Catholic son is next to inherit the throne  Attempts to re-establish an Absolute Monarchy  Claimed he had the right to suspend laws  Appoints Catholics to high govt positions  When he dies, his Catholic son is next to inherit the throne

Glorious Revolution  Fearful of another Catholic becoming King, the Whigs and Tories united against James to invite William (Mary’s husband) (Mary is James’ daughter)  Why is this called the Glorious Revolution?  No bloodshed over new leader  Accepted new limits on their power  Bill of Rights  Right to trial by jury, no cruel & unusual punishment, limits on bail, free speech in Parliament  Fearful of another Catholic becoming King, the Whigs and Tories united against James to invite William (Mary’s husband) (Mary is James’ daughter)  Why is this called the Glorious Revolution?  No bloodshed over new leader  Accepted new limits on their power  Bill of Rights  Right to trial by jury, no cruel & unusual punishment, limits on bail, free speech in Parliament

Results of Glorious Revolution  William III and Mary II gain the crown without a battle  James II is forced to flee England  Parliament passes the Bill of Rights  William III and Mary II gain the crown without a battle  James II is forced to flee England  Parliament passes the Bill of Rights

Anne  Parliaments power increases during her reign  Cabinet- a group of advisors from Parliament act as advisor to King/Queen  Parliaments power increases during her reign  Cabinet- a group of advisors from Parliament act as advisor to King/Queen

George I  Prime Minister –Selected from the majority party in the House of Commons, is the head of cabinet and Chief Executive of Parliament; handles much of kings previous duties  First Prime Minister – Robert Walpole  Prime Minister –Selected from the majority party in the House of Commons, is the head of cabinet and Chief Executive of Parliament; handles much of kings previous duties  First Prime Minister – Robert Walpole

George II Prime Ministers power increases again under George II

George III Who is George III?

What was the biggest legacy of the Civil War? What was the biggest legacy of the Civil War? Move from Absolute Monarchies to Constitutional Monarchies