The Protestant Reformation Lesson #3

Part #1: The German Reformation

Main Point: Martin Luther Challenged the Catholic Church

The Church The most powerful institution in all of Europe Almost everybody was Catholic (coming out of Middle Ages) (from year 350 Most Europeans were Christian)

The Church The Church controlled the lives of Europeans – Health care – Calendar of all holidays – Everyone went to Church on Sunday

… and along comes the Renaissance…

Petrarch says: THINK! THINK! THINK!

Lessons from the Renaissance 1.Humanism: man has dignity 2.People should be able to express their ideas 3.Renaissance: people expressed through art 4.Reformation: a challenge to power of the Church 5.Result of the Reformation: Leadership Power could be challenged

THE STORY OF LUTHER A middle class law student He was caught in a storm Thought he was going to die Promised God he’d become a monk if he lived… Assigned to be a teacher at the University of Wittenberg

LUTHER’S PROBLEM Had no desire to lead a revolution But… he had some problems with the Church Felt he was rejected by God and was full of sin He could not find a way to feel better about his sins

LUTHER’S PHILOSOPHY He read and read and read the Bible Finally… a revelation! Bible says you can’t ever EARN forgiveness for sins … that God already forgave you sins, as long as you ask him to

LUTHER’S ARGUMENTS AND ACTIONS Luther taught others of this new idea: “Priesthood of all believers” Luther opposed the selling of indulgences - Tickets that could be bought for time out of Purgatory, and to get right into Heaven

______________ October 31, 1517 (Halloween) – Posted on the church door at the U. of Wittenberg 95 reasons why indulgences were wrong Called for FULL reform of the Catholic Church!!!

The Church and Public Reaction Pope Leo X’s Threat Pope Leo X told Luther to stop teaching and to apologize or else… EXCOMMUNICATION

Luther refused… He was called to a meeting with Catholic leaders They told him to “recant” (take back his teachings) HE REFUSED (“here I stand!...) Pope excommunicated him Charles V Exiled him… But, others followed his lead That led to the whole Protestant Reformation Click - Luther rap

Part #1: The English Reformation

The Story of King Henry He was King of England They were happy together She gave him one daughter But no sons He wanted a divorce, so he could marry his gf The Pope refused, So… He removed England from The Church

The Story of King Henry England still practiced all Church “things” Only difference: Henry was the leader of English Christians, not the Pope Then, he appointed the head of the English Church That man granted him a divorce

Henry married his brother’s widow, Catherine of Aragon EVENTS OF HENRY’S CONVERSION

Catherine gave birth to Mary Who, (you already know) married Philip of Spain

Catherine gave birth to Mary But HENRY WANTED A SON! But Catherine was too old to have any more kids… So….

so he just Broke England away from the Catholic Church, and

Anne gave birth to Elizabeth Who, (you already know) refused to marry Philip of Spain But HENRY WANTED A SON! So…

Jane gave birth to Edward Which pleased King Henry to death! And…well… death is what he got… Finally! A son!!

Henry actually got married again… Got married again… Executed her Anne of Cleves Catherine Howard Catherine Parr Divorced her Got married again… Then he died…

Catherine of Aragon Catherine of Aragon m Divorced Anne Boleyn Anne Boleyn m Executed Jane Seymour Jane Seymour m Died Anne of Cleves Anne of Cleves m Jan. - July Divorced Kathryn Howard Kathryn Howard m Executed Katherine Parr Katherine Parr m Widowed Click Terrible Tudors Click DBD DBS

Henry VIII Catherine of Aragon Mary I Philip II Of Spain ANNE BOLEYN ELIZABETH I Jane Seymore EDWARD VI Anne of Cleaves Catherine Howard Catherine Parr ENGLISH FAMILY TREE Arthur

Is England Catholic or Protestant? All kings after Mary were Protestant Elizabeth allowed English to choose for themselves Catholics still wanted power Catholics would never again hold power in England for very long