May 8, 2014 World History

 The ideas of Calvin and Luther began spreading throughout the many countries of Europe  By the time mid-1500s there are several different sects of Christianity  Reformer = people who is trying to make changes in the Catholic Church  Protestant = those who protest against the Catholic Church  Still Christian  Different interpretation of the bible

 A dynasty of British rulers from 1485 – 1603  Rulers include… Henry VII Henry VIII Edward I Mary I Elizabeth I  Won control of the English throne from the War of the Roses  War for power in England Followed the 100 Years War Left England poor and divided  Henry VII was Duke of Lancaster  Gained support of the Pope  Staunch Catholics

 Henry Tudor became the king of England in 1509 at the age of 18  He began his life as a devout Catholic and wrote a book called The Defense of the Seven Sacraments  His older brother, Arthur, was next in line for the throne  Oldest son of Henry VII Dies before he can take the throne  He is forced to marry Catherine of Aragon (Spain)

 Henry wants a divorce from his wife, Catherine of Aragon  She could not become pregnant and give Henry a son  The pope refuses to divorce the couple  Doesn’t want to offend Charles V Nephew of Catherine of Aragon  Divorce is not allowed in the Catholic Church  If he grants Henry his wish, he can’t deny others  Henry was so furious with the pope that he decided to leave the Catholic Church  He created the Church of England, and declared himself the head of it

 Catherine of Aragon  Divorced  Anne Boleyn  1533 – 1536 Beheaded  Jane Seymour  1536 – 1537 Died  Anne of Cleves  1540 January - July Divorced  Catherine Howard  1540 – 1542 Beheaded  Catherine Parr  1543 – 1547 Survived

 Became King of England at age 9  Son of Henry VIII and Jane Seymour 3 rd crowned monarch of the Tudor Dynasty  He was England’s first ruler to be raised as a Protestant  His advisors pushed to convert the English to Protestantism  Under Edward, Protestantism is a recognized religious in England

 Henry’s oldest child  Daughter of Catherine of Aragon She is the 4 th crowned monarch of the Tudor Dynasty  After becoming queen, she restored England to Roman Catholicism  In the process, she had thousands of those who went against her burned at the stake  This is how she got the nickname “Bloody Mary”  Married Philip of Spain in a political alliance  Never had any children, thus no heir to the throne

 Henry’s 2 nd child  Daughter of Anne Boleyn The 5 th and last monarch of the Tudor Dynasty  Very controversial ruler at the beginning of her reign  She converted England back to Protestantism  Known as the “Virgin Queen”  She refused to marry  Vowed to rule alone  She is considered to be England’s greatest monarch