BRIEFING 2: PROPOSAL WRITING Munira Bt Mohamed Nazari School of Bioprocess Engineering Universiti Malaysia Perlis ERT 423 – FINAL YEAR PROJECT

CONTENTS OF BRIEFING Introduction Proposal writing guideline Presentation guideline Summary 2Semester 2012/2013

INTRODUCTION PROPOSALWhat is PROPOSAL?? o Progress report for overall project. o Project milestone. o General ideas. o Expected result. Semester 2012/20133

Proposal Contents Semester 2012/20134 Introduction Problem Statement Objective Literature Review Methodology

PROPOSAL WRITING GUIDELINE

Must have… Title page 1 ~ Introduction 2 ~ Problem statement 3 ~ Objective 4 ~ Literature review 5 ~ Methodology 6 ~ Gantt chart 7 ~ Reference Semester 2012/20136

Title Page UniMAP logo & name School name Program name Semester /2012 Title Name/IC/Matrix number Supervisor name Date submits Semester 2012/20137

Introduction (2 - 3 pages) Required contents –Background of study It tells briefly about the introduction of the study with current issues related to study. –Problem statement Address the problem to be resolved. –Objectives Stating the purpose of the project carried out. It lists the goals for study to be conducted. Must write in form of point ( 1.,2.,3.). Semester 2012/20138

Background of Study The purpose of the Background section is to provide the reader with information that they cannot be expected to know, but which they will need to know in order to fully understand and appreciate the rest of the report. It should explain why the project is addressing the problem described in the report, indicate an awareness of other work relevant to this problem and show clearly that the problem has not been solved by anyone else. Semester 2012/20139

Your background section should end with a clear statement of the research questions problem your project is trying to answer. These will reflect the aim of your project, but will be different in that they explain the problem you are attempting to solve. Example: Project entitle “Nutritional Analysis in Edible Bird Nest” Semester 2012/ Explain

EBN –Functions/benefits –Previous data Percentage of rate/value Usage Cultivation area Semester 2012/ High usage but lack of information on nutritional content High usage but lack of information on nutritional content Address problem that not been solved yet & statement of the research question

Problem statement Research study is done to solve a problem. So it is very important to you to explain –What is the problem to be solved? –Why this problem need to be solved? You need to convince the reader that the problem to be solved, do exist and should be settled. Semester 2012/201312

Goals & Objectives After explaining the problem statement, then you need to specify what you want to do to solve the problem. Goals - Explaining the end result that we want to achieve. It is written in the form of a general statement. Example: –This project is carried out for design improvement of sugar cane press by determining the current sugar press design specification. Objectives - States how the goal can be achieved. They are stated to be more focused. –1) To do a survey of customer need of new sugar can press design. –2) To generate and evaluate a product concept and to study the suitable design which emphasize on safety and cleanliness. –3) To develop a prototype of product that is safe and easy to handle by using CAD modeling. Semester 2012/201313

Literature review (3 - 4 pages) This chapter describes the research carried out by others - related to ongoing projects. This chapter also describes the techniques / methods / equipment or technology that will be taken in implementing the project / study. Many references have to be made in this chapter. References can be taken either from books, conference papers, journal articles, magazines, thesis and / or the internet. All references must be clearly recorded in the text and specified in the reference list. Semester 2012/201314

Example of citation –During dry period, snail will cover its body in mud and also in water with low oxygen content (C. Wilmol, B.Amaret, 2003). –Sam et al., (1991) demonstrated the possibility to use scanning electron microscopy,…… to ascertain the authenticity of EBN. Semester 2012/ C.Wilmol, B.Amaret, (2003). Isolation and Characterization of Pathogens Attacking Pomacea Canalicuta, Journal of Nature, Vol 422, pp C.Wilmol, B.Amaret, (2003). Isolation and Characterization of Pathogens Attacking Pomacea Canalicuta, Journal of Nature, Vol 422, pp Sam, C.T., Tan, P.H & Lim, C.H. (1991) Establishing the Authenticity of Edible Bird’s Nest. ISFM Medicine Scientific Review, pp. Sam, C.T., Tan, P.H & Lim, C.H. (1991) Establishing the Authenticity of Edible Bird’s Nest. ISFM Medicine Scientific Review, pp.

Methodology (2 - 3 pages) This chapter indicate how the project will be implemented to achieve the objectives. Content may contain methods, techniques or approaches that will be used during project / study design and implementation. This chapter also explains the justification for the use of methods or approaches as well as hardware and software requirements. In this chapter, the expectation results of the project/study need to explain. This chapter also contains a flowchart, diagram, etc. depending on your project/study. Semester 2012/201316

Example of flowchart Semester 2012/ Step 1: Setting up the instruments (Pump volumetric rate, DO probe, diffuser, etc) Step 2: Add water 5 L to a 10 L water tank. Step 3: Remove O2 from water using sodium sulphite solution. Step 4: Add O2 by air pump Step 5: Record the DO concentration for every 30 seconds Step 6: Calculate & plot graph of ln [(C*AL - CAL1) / (C*AL - C AL2 ) ] against time (min) Step 7: Repeat step 1 to 7 with different variables( air flow rates, diffuser’s hole size, salinity) Step 8: Repeat step 1 to 7 with multiple variables. Step 9: Designing the aeration system.

Example of flowchart Semester 2012/ Planting Crop Harvesting Determine Crop Performance & Productivity (Boundary Limits Determination) Extraction of Active Compound Analysis of The Active Compound Scale up Calculation for Manufacturing Plant Design a Prototype Plant using Software UPSTREAM PROCESS DOWNSTREA M PROCESS

Example of flowchart Semester 2012/ MEASUREMENT OF ANTHOCYANIN QUANTITY -method chosen: spectrophotometer -at neutral pH, anthocyanin shows maximum absorption. -one in uv region (approximately 240nm) and two in visible region(approximately 415 and 520nm) PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTIC - measurement of the intensity of colour FINAL STAGE -data analysis from spectrophotometer value on intensity of colour -conclusion and justification of the experimentation

Semester 2012/ Sampling Bacteria Source Pre - Treatment Testing Using RCM Medium in Serum Bottle Evaluation H 2 Potential Active Inoculum Stock Culture Optimization Studies  Inoculum Development  pH  Characterization of Agriculture Waste  Kinetic Study Dark Fermentation No 1 2 Yes What type of medium?? Need to explain.

Example of Gantt Chart Semester 2012/ Month SeptOctNovDisJanFebMarchApril Literature Review Review of Methodology Submission of proposal Proposal defence Conducting Experiment Analysis of Experiment Submission of Thesis Viva Voce Activity

Referencing Semester 2012/ A term used to refer to the inclusion of detailed information about the source of quotes, ideas, or illustrations you insert into your term paper to avoid plagiarism Citing an information source used in an academic work means to employ a standardized method of acknowledging that source. Refer guide book for method of referencing

References Style 1. Book : Author Name(s), Author Sir Name(s), (Year). Title, Edition number, Publisher, Location: Example: Holmlund, C. (1969). Fried, Avionic Navigation Systems, 1 st edition, New York: John Wiley and Sons, Inc. USA 2. Conference Proceedings : Author(s), (Year). Article title, Name of conference, Location of conference, Pages. Example: Dore S.D., and Kershenbaum, L.S. (1994). Application of geometric nonlinear control in the process industries – a case study, Proc. IFAC Symposium, ADCHEM ‘94, Kyoto, Japan, pp Journal Paper : Author(s), (Year). Article title, Name of journal, Volume number, Pages. Example : Finkelstein M, (2006). Microfluids: Cliks and Chips, Journal of Nature, Vol 422, pp Electronic sources:  Web pages- Author(s) or Company, (Year), Title, URL, date found. Example : Vice President, University of Calgary Research Policies and Procedures Handbook. Accessed on 23 February  Graphics from Encarta (or similar) needs to be referenced. Note: Read the FYP referencing guide. Semester 2012/201323

Tenses – General Guidelines Semester 2012/ “Choose proper tenses” Introduction – present tense Literature – past tense Rest of report/thesis- past tense Findings – present tense

Report Style  Times New Roman  12  1.5 Spacing  Maximum 12 pages Semester 2012/ Submit 23/10/12 – 3 PM 4 copies Tape binding

PRESENTATION GUIDELINE

Presentation Style Microsoft Power Point Contents Suggestion max. no of slide = 25 Semester 2012/ Title pageOutlineIntroduction Problem statement Objective Literature review MethodologyGantt chartReferenceThank youQ & A

Presentation Allocation Total (30 min) Presentation (15 min) Q & A (10 min) Idle time (5 min) Semester 2012/201328

Attire Semester 2012/201329

30 SUMMARY Introduction: Serve as a frame for the rest of the report / thesis Literature review: What are background, related theories, previous study Methodology: How did you study the problem? Semester 2012/2013

31 And finally…. Any questions? Semester 2012/2013