A. Wahner et al., GEO-workshop Fifteen Years of Routine Aircraft Observations - MOZAIC A. Wahner, A. Volz-Thomas Research Centre Jülich J.-P. Cammas CNRS, Université de Toulouse

A. Wahner et al., GEO-workshop MOZAIC - Measurement of Ozone, Water Vapour, Carbon Monoxide, and Nitrogen Oxides by Airbus In-Service Aircraft Passenger aircraft are a powerful observing platform for studies on Atmospheric transport and chemical processes Budgets of ozone and water vapor in the UT/LS Inter-annual variability and longterm trends Aircraft impact on the atmosphere Ozone and water vapor in the UT/LS play a key role in climate Large variability in space and time. Comprehensive observations are needed for the assessment of climate change understanding the interactions between climate and atmospheric chemistry

A. Wahner et al., GEO-workshop The Value of Routine Aircraft Observations for GEO Satellites provide global coverage but little vertical information in the troposphere (air quality, carbon cycle, climate modelling) Longhaul aircraft sample the tropopause region at high spatial resolution –Most sensitive for climate change –Important for intercontinental transport and STE Only source of regular tropospheric profiles of CO, CO2, NOx, aerosol,. Same instruments for measurements everywhere (excellent comparability) –Global harmonisation standerd Scientific Issues Ozone and water trend in the Tropopause region Ice supersaturation (persistent contrails, clouds) Air Quality (profiles of CO, NOx, aerosol) NOx budget in upper troposphere (impact of aircraft) Climate change (CO2 profiles, aerosol)

A. Wahner et al., GEO-workshop MOZAIC - INSTRUMENTATION INSTRUMENTATION BELOW THE COCKPIT O3/CO/H2O/NOy AIR INTAKES ON THE AIRCRAFT FUSELAGE

A. Wahner et al., GEO-workshop MOZAIC ( ) : flights with O 3 & H 2 O : additional flights with CO and NOy

A. Wahner et al., GEO-workshop Water Vapour – Ice Supersaturation Most important GHG (2/3 of warming due to water feedback) Control of relative humidity in the upper troposphere ? Global distribution highly variable (Ice supersaturation) Influence on radiation (directly and via cloud formation, -properties ?

A. Wahner et al., GEO-workshop CO in the Upper Troposphere Winter (DJF) Summer (DJF) Biomass burning over Africa biomass burning boreal regions Africa

A. Wahner et al., GEO-workshop USA East O3 CO EU West Trends in the Upper Troposphere

A. Wahner et al., GEO-workshop MOZAIC NOy JJA UT ppb High NOy in UT in summer (and spring): Convection and lightning

A. Wahner et al., GEO-workshop MOZART3 NOy JJA 2003 UT ppb High NOy not seen in global CTM simulations

A. Wahner et al., GEO-workshop MOZART3 NOy JJA 2003 BL ppb Surface sources are there: Convective transport too weak

A. Wahner et al., GEO-workshop MOZAIC over Africa Air Namibia is operating a MOZAIC-equipped aircraft since January 2006 with daily flights between Windhoek and Frankfurt or London

A. Wahner et al., GEO-workshop Time series of vertical profiles – Windhoek, 2006 CO plumes up to 5 km. mainly associated with biomass burning over South Africa Moderate O 3 production in biomass fire plumes CO plumes up to 12 km. mainly associated with biomass burning over South America Stronger O 3 production in biomass fire plumes + embedded stratospheric ozone-rich intrusions Moderate to strong O3 production likely associated with plumes enriched with lightning-NOx emissions by convective clouds O3O3 CO Tropospheric Ozone Over Austral Africa

A. Wahner et al., GEO-workshop MOZAIC data are essential for validation of new forecast systems in the framework of GMES EU-Projects in preparation of the GAS GEMS ( ) FP6 MACC ( ) FP7 (ECMWF, FZJ and CNRS)

A. Wahner et al., GEO-workshop Conclusions MOZAIC has provided 15 years of high resolution data in the tropopause region (> 100 Mio km) and vertical profiles in the troposphere for climate and air quality research. Europe has a world leading position in this area MOZAIC data have been used in more than 130 publications The MOZAIC community is developing a new sustainable infrastructure (IAGOS) which aims at continuing the observations with enhanced technology, more observables, and more aircraft for global coverage. No other project in sight with similar capabilities

H 2 O, O 3 H 2 O, O 3, CO, NO y H 2 O, O 3, CO, CO 2 NO y, NO x, aerosol, cloud particles Scientific publications MOZAIC IAGOS CARIBIC In-service Aircraft for a Global Observing System European Research Infrastructure

A. Wahner et al., GEO-workshop MOZAIC – IAGOS Datasets for GEOSS ParameterFromUntilIAGOS Ozone Water Vapour Carbon Monoxide Odd Nitrogen (NO y ) Nitrogen Oxides (NO x ) 2010 Carbon Dioxide 2011 Methane2011 Aerosol2012 Cloud Particles2010