Permafrost and Active Layer Monitoring and Modelling in Livingston and Deception Islands (South Shetlands, Antarctic) PERMAMODEL Miguel Ramos (1), Gonçalo Vieira (2), José Agustín García (3), Martin Hoelzle (4), Stephan Gruber (4), Ramón Órtiz (5), José Manuel Marrero (4) and Carla Mora (2) (1) Department of Physics, University of Alcalá, Spain. (2) Centre for Geographical Research / Department of Geography, University of Lisbon, Portugal. (3) Department of Physics, University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain. (4) Department of Geography, University of Zurich, Switzerland. (5) Department of Volcanology, National Museum of Natural Sciences, CSIC, Spain. Workshop on Antarctic Permafrost and Soils, Madison (Wisconsin, USA), November 2004

Livingston Island (62º39’S, 60º23’W)

Workshop on Antarctic Permafrost and Soils, Madison (Wisconsin, USA), November 2004 Deception Island (62º58’S, 60º41W)

Workshop on Antarctic Permafrost and Soils, Madison (Wisconsin, USA), November 2004 RESEARCH TOPICS IN PREVIOUS PROJECTS ( ) GEOMORPHOLOGICAL PROCESSES Geomorphological mapping GIS analysis of the factors controlling the geoforms STUDY OF THE FREEZING PERIOD BY MEANS OF PHYSICAL MODELLING N-Factor at different sites to evaluate the influence of snow-cover and ground characteristics Enthalpy losses and ground heat fluxes during the freezing periods of different years RADIATION AND ENERGY BALANCES Meteorological monitoring during the summer (Ice-free ground and Glacier) GIS modelling of radiation balance during the summer campaigns GROUND TEMPERATURE MONITORING Study of the active layer during the freezing period (shallow boreholes m) Active layer and permafrost temperature monitoring at 2 boreholes (1.1 and 2.3 m) Geothermal anomalies in Deception Island

Workshop on Antarctic Permafrost and Soils, Madison (Wisconsin, USA), November 2004 Summer meteorological stations in Livingston and Deception Islands

Workshop on Antarctic Permafrost and Soils, Madison (Wisconsin, USA), November 2004 Shallow boreholes in Livingston and Deception Islands

Workshop on Antarctic Permafrost and Soils, Madison (Wisconsin, USA), November 2004

Bedrock Diamicton Workshop on Antarctic Permafrost and Soils, Madison (Wisconsin, USA), November 2004

Obtained by direct monitoring of soil surface temperatures Obtained by regression with air temperature from Mountain Hut

Bedrock Diamton Site 1 Site 2 Site 3 Site 4 Site 5 Site 6 Site 7 Reina Sofia Mountain hut 1 Mountain hut 2 SAS snowpatch SAS beach Col near Radio Hill Hurd glacier Patt. ground (gravel) Bedrock Silty-sandy deposit Cobbles Frost shatt. gravel Snow/Ice Type of surfaceLocation Alt. (m) Snow-depth (cm)* * - in the moment of recovery of the dataloggers (10/12/95). ** - Modelled with the regression based in the data from Depth FF (cm) Is (ºC) n-Factor Ia (ºC)** 1631 Monitoring sites and synthesis of the temperature data (March-October 1995)

m MJ/m 2 DECEPTION ISLAND NET RADIATION BALANCE (MJ/m 2 ) (20-26/12/998) Workshop on Antarctic Permafrost and Soils, Madison (Wisconsin, USA), November 2004

GENERAL OBJECTIVES OF PERMAMODEL LONG-TERM MONITORING OF PERMAFROST AND ACTIVE LAYER TEMPERATURES IN LIVINGSTON AND DECEPTION ISLANDS INVESTIGATION OF THE FACTORS CONTROLLING GROUND TEMPERATURES TRANSIENT MODELLING OF GROUND TEMPERATURES AND PERMAFROST FROM CLIMATE DATA INVERSE MODELLING OF CLIMATE SIGNALS FROM GROUND TEMPERATURE DATA SPATIAL MODELLING OF THE DISTRIBUTION OF PERMAFROST

Workshop on Antarctic Permafrost and Soils, Madison (Wisconsin, USA), November 2004 TENTATIVE CHRONOLOGY OF THE FIELD ACTIVITIES 2005/06 INSTALLATION OF GROUND SURFACE TEMPERATURE DATALOGGERS (BTS) INSTALLATION OF DATA LOGGERS FOR SHALLOW ROCK TEMPERATURE MONITORING COLLECTION OF DATA FROM THE SHALLOW BOREHOLES 2006/07 DRILLING INSTALLATION OF DEVICES FOR MONITORING SNOWCOVER AND SNOW THICKNESS COLLECTION OF DATA FROM THE SHALLOW BOREHOLES 2007/08/09 FIELD DATA COLLECTION AND MAINTENANCE OF THE EQUIPMENT