1 Business models for E- journals Open Access

2 Business models for E-journals: Open Access 1. Open Access formats 2. Why authors need publishers 3. On Respositories 4. On E-archives 5. Why publishers will stay 6. OA-economics 1,2,3 7. Libraries and OA 1,2 8. Where does this leave us?

3 Open Access formats Definition: OA = every form of making digital content available for free Institutional Repositories E-archives (disciplinary reps) Journals not-by-publishers Journals by publishers

4 Why authors need publishers Recognition by peer review Ensuring independent assessment Fixed format as ‘ point of reference ’ (fossilization) Making available, making retrievable Being a reliable, continuous digital source Protecting authors against fraude and plagiarism

5 On Institutional Repositories E-archives for single institutions: unclear nature and status of documents Not designed as a publishing platform No added value for authors Tend to conflict with existing copyrights Represent the institution rather than the author

6 On E-archives Focus on discipline Status of documents unclear Prepublication/Communication channel No systematic peer review, no ranking No editing, no ‘ fossilization ’

7 Why publishers will stay Repositories and e-archives don ’ t supply the needs of authors To make them supply would mean to duplicate an already existing and well functioning mechanism There ’ s no evidence that such a duplication can be realised There ’ s no evidence that there is want for this duplication There ’ s no evidence that the alternative would be cheaper

8 OA-economics 1: reward for adding value How publishers can get reward for adding value: at the backdoor: subscriptions at the frontdoor: author ’ s fees and subsidies Frontdoor examples: Broadcast; Google (!); Springers Open Choice; BioMed; OUP (NAR);

9 OA-economics 2: just another business model OA charges production vs consumption OA is not a different production model, just a different business model OA changes the relationship between author and publisher

10 OA-economics 3: finding money Finding money: takes time and implies asking permission Choice of journal: possible conflict of interest High impact, high fee? The richer the institution, the better access to A-journals? What will the next serials crisis be about?

11 Libraries and OA 1: who needs a librarian? Who is the customer? Who represents the customer and his interests? Publishers, libraries and users Who needs a librarian? Are we going to negotiate author ’ s fees instead of licenses?

12 Libraries and OA 2: before closing the library, think twice How expensive is OA: BioMed OUP Springer Dutch calculations on break even More in 3/193

13 Where does this leave us? 1. Institutional repositories will not replace or even compete traditional publishers 2. OA is not a solution for the serials crisis 3. OA is not a realistic or even desirable business model for scholarly communication