IDF Diabetes Atlas 6th Edition Diabetes prevalence, mortality and health expenditure for 2013 and 2035

Types of diabetes Type 1 diabetes Type 2 diabetes Gestational diabetes Lack of insulin Autoimmune Usually children Insulin resistance Lifestyle factors Usually adults Insulin resistance During pregnancy Risks to mother and child The three main types of diabetes – type 1 diabetes, type  2 diabetes and gestational diabetes –occur when the body cannot produce enough of the hormone insulin or cannot use insulin effectively. Insulin acts as a key that lets the body’s cells take in glucose and use it as energy. People with type 1 diabetes, the result of an autoimmune process with very sudden onset, need insulin therapy to survive. Type 2 diabetes, on the other hand, can go unnoticed and undiagnosed for years. In such cases, those affected are unaware of the long-term damage being caused by their disease. Gestational diabetes, which appears during pregnancy, can lead to serious health risks to the mother and her infant and increase the risk for developing type 2 diabetes later in life.

Major diabetes complications Cardiovascular disease Eyes Kidney Feet Fatty liver Sleep apnea Co-morbidities All types of diabetes require close collaboration between those affected and their healthcare providers in order to prevent a range of costly, dangerous complications, which can provoke damage to the eyes, kidneys, feet and heart, and, left untreated, result in early death. Co-morbidities explaination

Diabetes is a huge and growing problem, and the costs to society are high and escalating 382 million people have diabetes By 2035, this number will rise to 592 million

Almost half of all people with diabetes live in just three countries China India USA

The socially disadvantaged in any country are especially vulnerable to diabetes We know that the vast numbers of people with diabetes live in low- and middle-income countries and that it is these countries that will face the greatest burden of diabetes in the future, but there is considerable variation within countries that highlight the larger burden felt by the socially disadvantaged in any society. A lack of access to care, lower education, and low resources all contribute to a higher prevalence and poorer outcomes for people with diabetes who are socially disadvantaged.

Increasing development and wealth is correlated with decreasing early mortality due to diabetes Development and investment in the health system can also have positive outcomes for diabetes in lower proportions of premature deaths. This plot of high population countries shows that in general, increases in wealth and GDP per capita and accompanying improvements in health systems are correlated with decreases in premature mortality due to diabetes. For countries that have been developed a long time, have high GDP per capita, and have well functioning health systems (e.g. Germany, Canada, and Australia), the proportion of deaths due to diabetes in people under the age of 60 is relatively low whereas the lowest-income countries have high proportions. There are important outliers, Saudi Arabia which has a high GDP per capita from very rapid development, but also a high proportion of deaths under 60 reflecting the pace of the epidemic in young people and also what may be a gap in the development of the health system to meet that need.

In countries throughout the world, indigenous peoples are especially vulnerable to diabetes largely because of their social disadvantage in many communities and also through indications of some genetic predisposition for some populations. Where indigenous people no longer live traditional lifestyles and have adopted a Western diet and habits, rates of diabetes are very high and higher than in the general population. In addition, Indigenous peoples have poorer outcomes, more barriers to care, and may suffer discrimination.

The high rates of diabetes prevalence are seen in Indigenous people all over the world. For some populations, studies have shown that more than a third of adults have diabetes and the effects are serious. Rates of retinopathy, kidney damage, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes-related deaths have all been reported a higher rates in Indigenous peoples than in the general population. However, some success in prevention and care studies has been shown where Indigenous communities are engaged in developing and implementing the intervention. Empowerment is a necessary pre-requisite for overcoming the health disadvantages suffered by Indigenous peoples. Yet this has not yet received due attention in national approaches to diabetes prevention and control. Until Indigenous peoples can drive the agenda, disparity is likely to remain an enduring, albeit unacceptable, reality.

Diabetes is more than a health issue and requires concerted policy action across many sectors IDF plays a pivotal role in efforts to reduce exponentially the global impact of diabetes, catalysing grass roots activism, influencing global health and development policy, and driving the global agenda on diabetes. In calling for a specific health target. in the post-2015 development framework, the Federation is heading a campaign for an all-of-society approach to diabetes prevention, care and support. As a leading supporter of people and organisations working in diabetes education and care, IDF produces educational resources designed to improve the expertise of diabetes educators and other healthcare professionals. IDF publications are used widely around the world, and the Federation’s programmes, campaigns and events provide a global awareness-raising platform for people with diabetes and those at risk.