A U.S. Sponsored Observing System of the Global Earth Observing System of Systems  Focus on the Network –Data Management –Products Global Seismographic Network Rhett Butler, GSN Program Manager

A Cornerstone of the FDSN Backbone

Global Seismographic Network 138 Global stations and arrays A Cornerstone of the FDSN Backbone –Common standards and performance goals International Collaboration is essential –59 Nations –Local hosts fundamental to success –Joint stations with FDSN Partners –Shared Telemetry GSN & International

Global Seismographic Network A $100M facility built over 20 years Partnership of NSF with USGS Managed through the IRIS Consortium with USGS Two Network Operators + Affiliates –USGS Albuquerque Seismological Laboratory –University of California, San Diego GSN US

A Multi-Use, Inter-agency, International Facility  National and International Scientific Research Earth Structure Earthquakes  Earthquake and Tsunami Hazards USGS NEIC — Earthquake Reporting NOAA — Tsunami Warning (PTWC & ATWC)  Nuclear Monitoring Research data Contribution to International Monitoring System –22 Stations currently, 50 eventually  GEOSS

Tsunami Warning Sumatra-Andaman M>9 Earthquake Real-time, Open data

Performance Goals Free and Open Access to Data via Internet Real-time Data Availability without Delay or Restriction Continuous & Complete Archive Quality Control High data return

GSN Technical Design Goals Broadband 3-Component Low Noise Full fidelity M > 9 M < 1 Sumatra-Andaman Earthquake

Communication { 83%

GSN & Geophysical Observatories

Workshop Goals What is the core infrastructure/products that we bring GEOSS and how do they fit into current GEOSS targets?  Seismological Networks (GSN & FDSN)  Global in situ land-based infrastructure  Telemetry

101 GEOSS 2-year Targets Target 003 –Advocate expansion of seismic monitoring networks, plus expansion of the present network of ocean-bottom pressure sensors, and upgrade existing global networks (e.g., the GSN) so that all critical instruments relay data in real time, in support of better tsunami warning worldwide. Target 091 –Establish and Maintain baseline sites for global in situ networks.

Workshop Goals How do we sustain this core and how will participation in GEOSS help?  Continued GSN Funding from the U.S.  Continued Operations and Maintenance help from our International hosts and partners  Relevance of the GSN & FDSN as a Societal Benefit  Importance of in situ GEOSS Observation Systems

Sustaining the GSN Added ~ $0.9M equipment/yr What does it take to get near 100%? } U.S. ~$7M/yr 35 people Data Availability

Workshop Goals What is needed to build on this core to serve GEOSS goals and link with other GEOSS elements? What are the current barriers to international collaboration and how can GEOSS break down these walls?  Utilize existing GSN & FDSN in situ infrastructure for other GEOSS observations  Improve the GSN  Sensor Development  Oceanic Coverage

Infrastructure for Geophysical Observatories Falkland Islands Iceland Pitcairn Island Zambia Brazil

Telemetry Diversity 19.2 kbps preferred rate to carry all GSN channels 85% of links were operational for Sumatra-Andaman Earthquake (other links had government imposed delays or insufficient bandwidth) 50% of links have sufficient bandwidth to carry all GSN channels with solid reliability (robustness)

Improving the GSN Increase Data Availability –Add field personnel and travel for maintenance –Greater help from our partners and hosts –Refresh aging equipment ($20M installed base) 10 year cycle, 10%/yr, ~$2M/yr Real-time telemetry –Coverage: 83% –> 100% –Full Bandwidth + Robustness: 50% –> 100% –Tsunami Awareness

Challenge: Instrumentation Development The premier ultra-long- period seismometer STS-1 is no longer made. Borehole sensors are not as good as the STS-1 Seismology needs significant instrumentation development funding!

If we were fish, what might the FDSN look like? FISHnet: Better Hemispheric Coverage & Broader Distribution, but we wouldn’t know so much about the Continents

TAO/TRITON Buoys GEOSS Ocean Systems  How can GEOSS make oceanic in situ infrastructure (ships, buoys, telemetry) available to seismology?

Workshop Goals How can GEOSS improve seismology and how do we coordinate within the GEOSS framework?  Recognition of the importance of in situ observations on par with remote satellite observations The total cost of nearly everything done globally in seismology is less than the cost of a single satellite  Advocacy of Open Data  Proposed Tasks for GEOSS Targets

GEOSS Target Sustain GSN/FDSN operations and maintenance. 2.Expand real-time telemetry capabilities and robustness for the GSN/FDSN stations. 3.Improve operational uptime and data availability of GSN/FDSN. 4.Advocate free, open access to real-time seismic data from GEOSS in situ Observing Systems and facilitate data-sharing among GEOSS members. 5.Facilitate data management coordination within GEOSS for seismological data, metadata, and products. 6.Establish GEOSS Six-year target to develop new very-broadband seismometers for seismology and tsunami warning. 7.Advocate and coordinate use of GSN/FDSN as a logistical framework for other GEOSS in situ measurements. 8.Establish GEOSS Ten-year target to extend global seismological coverage into the oceans through synergy and shared logistical infrastructure with GEOSS in situ ocean observing systems.

GEOSS Target 091 Establish the GSN/FDSN as existing baseline sites for global in situ networks, and review GSN/FDSN as a logistical framework for other GEOSS in situ measurements. Sustain operations and maintenance of GSN/FDSN. Produce an inventory GEOSS in situ ocean observing systems, their logistical infrastructure and their potential for synergy with other in situ measurements.

Thank you