10-3 Getting Energy to Make ATP

I. Cellular Energy a. Cellular respiration-process of breaking down glucose molecules to produce energy (ATP) b. All cells go through cellular respiration----plant and animal cells

i. GLYCOLYSIS 1. 1st step of cellular respiration 2. Cells break down glucose to make 2 ATP and pyruvic acid 3. Takes place in the cytoplasm

Aerobic versus Anaerobic Respiration Is Oxygen Present? Yes No AEROBIC RESPIRATION ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION Must have O2 No O2 is needed Takes place in the takes place in the mitochondria cytoplasm Produces 36 ATP produces 2 ATP

c. Aerobic Respiration i. Occurs only when oxygen is present ii. A series of reactions that change pyruvic acid into ATP

1. the Krebs cycle or the citric acid cycle takes place in the mitochondria i. It produces 2 ATP

2. The electron transport chain also takes place in the mitochondria and it produces 34 ATP iii. With glycolysis, aerobic respiration produces 36 NET ATP molecules from 1 glucose---2 ATP are used to drive the process

Figure 9–7 Electron Transport Chain Section 9-2 Figure 9–7 Electron Transport Chain Electron Transport Hydrogen Ion Movement Channel Mitochondrion Intermembrane Space ATP syntheses Inner Membrane Matrix ATP Production Go to Section:

iv. ATP is used for cell processes, growth, repair, movement, homeostasis etc…

Figure 9–2 Respiration: An Overview Section 9-1 Figure 9–2 Respiration: An Overview Mitochondrion Electrons carried in NADH Electrons carried in NADH and FADH2 Pyruvic acid Glucose Electron Transport Chain Krebs Cycle Glycolysis Mitochondrion Cytoplasm Go to Section:

Aerobic Respiration Summary (including glycolysis) Glucose   Net 36 ATP C6H12O6 (plus CO2 and H2O) Chemical reactions Requiring ADP, ATP, Phosphate and Oxygen

Electron Transport Chain Section 9-2 Cellular Respiration Glucose (C6H1206) + Oxygen (02) Glycolysis Krebs Cycle Electron Transport Chain Carbon Dioxide (CO2) + Water (H2O) Go to Section:

d. Anaerobic Respiration i. Occurs when no oxygen is present ii. Not very efficient---only produces 2 ATP molecules from one glucose iii. There are different types of anaerobic respiration

1. Lactic Acid Fermentation -animal and some bacteria use this process a. Produces lactic acid (causes muscle soreness) and 2 ATP

2. Alcoholic Fermentation -plant cells and some microorganism like yeast a. Produces ethyl alcohol and CO2 and ATP

Alcoholic drinks are produced with fermentation, and bread is forced to rise from the carbon dioxide produced by yeast fermenting the bread.

The alcohol in bread is evaporated during the cooking process.

Fermentation (without oxygen) Chemical Pathways Section 9-1 Glucose Krebs cycle Electron transport Glycolysis Alcohol or lactic acid Fermentation (without oxygen) Go to Section:

Photosynthesis and respiration are almost exactly opposite reactions. 6CO2 + 6H2O + sun light  C6H12O6 + 6O2 Respiration: C6H12O6 + 6O2  6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP

Cellular Respiration Photosynthesis Takes place in-- Occurs when-- What goes in? What comes out? Energy source? Result?

Cellular Respiration Photosynthesis Takes place in-- All cells Cells with Chloroplast Occurs when-- All of the time In the presence of light What goes in? Carbohydrates and oxygen CO2 and H2O What comes out? Energy source? Chemical bonds Light Result? Energy is stored as ATP Energy is stored as carbohydrates

Copy and Complete What is the process that starts cellular respiration? Name three parts of aerobic respiration. How many ATP molecules are produced from one glucose molecule by glycolysis? Most of aerobic respiration occurs in the ____. Anaerobic respiration occurs in the___. During glycolysis, glucose is broken down into pyruvic acid, and two molecules of ATP are formed. What will happen next in a muscle cell if NO oxygen is present?

When yeast is deprived of oxygen, it will convert glucose into— Which process does NOT produce CO2? How many ATP molecules are produced form one glucose molecule during the entire process of aerobic respiration? How many net ATP molecules are produced from one glucose molecule if a cell undergoes anaerobic respiration?