CHAPTER 9 Medieval Civilization: The Rise of Western Europe The West Encounters and Transformations Levack/Muir/Veldman/Maas Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

Chapter 9: Medieval Civilization: The Rise of Western Europe Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007 I. Two Worlds: Manors and Cities II. The Consolidation of Roman Catholicism III. Strengthening the Center of the West IV. Medieval Culture: The Search for Understanding

Chapter 9: Medieval Civilization: The Rise of Western Europe Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007 I. Two Worlds: Manors and Cities A. The Medieval Agricultural Revolution Innovations water and wind mills heavy plow, mould board crop rotations open three-field system Manorial system manor house parish church serfs, freeholders B. The Great Migrations after 1100 Germans > Slavic Lands Scandinavians > North, Atlantic Christian Spaniards > Southern Iberia Reconquista

Chapter 9: Medieval Civilization: The Rise of Western Europe Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007 I. Two Worlds: Manors and Cities C. Growth of Cities Free cities commiunes Infrastructure rebuilt Commercial revolution Champagne fairs meeting of trades zones Long-distance trade

Chapter 9: Medieval Civilization: The Rise of Western Europe Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007 II. The Consolidation of Roman Catholicism A. Church Reform Gregory the Great ( ) followed by decline Cluny, 910 Innovation freely-held under papacy single head center of reform Reform simony, lay investiture

Chapter 9: Medieval Civilization: The Rise of Western Europe Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007 II. The Consolidation of Roman Catholicism B. Papacy Hildebrand (c ) > Gregory VII ( ) Henry IV ( ) Investiture Controversy 1077, Canossa Concordat of Worms, 1122 Canon law Curia Innocent III ( ) Fourth Crusade Cathars, Waldensians Successors Boniface VIII ( ) Unam Sanctam, 1302 Philip IV ( ) Homosexuals

Chapter 9: Medieval Civilization: The Rise of Western Europe Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007 II. The Consolidation of Roman Catholicism C. Religious Revival Patron Saints Mary New Religious Orders Cistercians Bernard of Clarvaux ( ) Dominicans Dominic ( ) Franciscans Francis of Assisi ( ) Clare of Assisi ( ) Poor Clares 1400 houses by 1315 D. Outcasts Heretics Cathars (Albigensians) 1208, Crusade Waldensians Peter Waldo (d. c.1184) Jewish Persecution 1182, expelled from France 1190, death of Jews, York Lepers Homosexuals

Chapter 9: Medieval Civilization: The Rise of Western Europe Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007 III. Strengthening the Center of the West A. Monarchies of Western Europe Capetian France Ile-de-France Philip I ( ) Louis VI the Fat ( ) Philip II Augustus ( ) baillis Louis IX ( ) Court of appeals Philip IV, the Fair ( ) expels Jews confiscates Templar lands

Chapter 9: Medieval Civilization: The Rise of Western Europe Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007 III. Strengthening the Center of the West A. Monarchies of Western Europe Norman England William I ( ) Henry II ( ) judicial reform circuit courts John ( ) 1204, loses Normany 1214, Bouvines 1215, Magna Carta Edward I ( ) Parliament German Empire Frederick I ( ) v. Lombard League 1176, Legnano Frederick II ( ) Constitutions of Melfi Constitution in Favor of the German Princes

Chapter 9: Medieval Civilization: The Rise of Western Europe Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007 III. Strengthening the Center of the West A. Monarchies of Western Europe German Empire Frederick I ( ) v. Lombard League 1176, Legnano Frederick II ( ) Constitutions of Melfi Constitution in Favor of the German Princes

Chapter 9: Medieval Civilization: The Rise of Western Europe Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007 IV. Medieval Culture: The Search for Understanding A. Revival of Learning monastic education Scholasticism cathedral schools Peter Abelard ( ) Sic et Non Universities Bologna, 1158 trivium grammar, rhetoric, logic quadrivium arithmetic, geometry, astronomy, music A. Revival of Learning Twelfth-century Renaissance Arabic translations Ibn Sina ( ) (Avicenna) Al-Ghazali ( ) The Incoherence of the Philosophers Ibn Rushd ( ) (Averroës) The Incoherence of the Philosophers Maimonides ( ) Guide for the Perplexed

Chapter 9: Medieval Civilization: The Rise of Western Europe Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007 IV. Medieval Culture: The Search for Understanding A. Revival of Learning Thomas Aquinas ( ) Thomism Summary of the Catholic Faith Against the Gentile, 1261 Summary of Theology, Literature Vernacular epics Troubadours Chrétien de Troyes ( ) Marie de France (unknown) B. Cathedrals Romanesque, c.1050-c.1200 rounded vaults ambulatory monastic St. Sernin, Toulouse Cluny Gothic pointed arches, vaults flying buttresses cathedral churches urban St. Denis Abbot Suger Music Guido of Arezzo (c ) Polyphony, c.1170 Drama mystery plays