Grammar Object

The object( 宾语 ) 1. 宾语是及物动词后的一个成分, 表示动 作的对象, 承受者或结果. 可作宾语的有 : 1. 名词, 代词, 数词. 名词形容词 a. They collected seeds from trees. b. Would you like something to eat? c. They fired one-third of their works. d. We should respect the old.

动词不定式作宾语 I expected to spend the holidays in France. He refused to accept any physical limitation. --ing 形式作宾语 I love going on walks and looking at plants. They enjoyed sharing their work experiences.

从句做宾语 Do you think advertisements affect you life in any way? We seldom realize that many plants come from countries far away.

2. Two objects 通常为 “ 间接宾语 + 直接宾语 ” He doesn't own me anything. She asked me whether I had been there before. I warned you he would be late. Give me it./Give it to me. They told us where to shop cheaply.

间接宾语后移, 间接宾语用 to 或 for 引出 : They give it to John. He sold his old car to one of his neighbours. I have bought some chocolate for you. Give the dictionary to me, please.

用 to 侧重指动作的方向, 表示朝着, 向着, 对着某人。 用 for 侧重指动作的受益者, 表示为 了某人, 替某人。 常跟双宾语的动词分类总结：

需借助 to 的 : bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, pay, promise, read, return, send, show, teach, tell, ask, leave, mail, throw, take, write, 等。 需借助 for 的 : build, buy, call, change, cook, choose, do, draw, envy, fetch, find, forgive, gain, get, make, order, play ( 演 奏 ), sing, save, spare, win 等。

e.g. Our teacher explains to us the difficult points in the unit. We disclosed to them the secret of our invention. They expressed to their teacher their conviction that the experiment was true. The guide is describing the scenic spots to the tourists.

Some verbs have to be used as set phrases when followed by two objects. e.g. He played me a trick. He played a trick on me. Won’t you play some folk songs for us?

有时为了形成对照或是为了突出重点, “ 介 词 + 间接宾语 ” 也可移到主语的前面去： To his daughter he sent a cheque of $50 but to his sun he sent only a cheap pen. 如果 “ 介词 + 间接宾语 ” 比直接宾语短, 也可 以直接放在谓语动词后： He give to his friends much of the time he should have given to his wife and children.

一些句子中, “ 间接宾语 + 直接宾语 ” 不 能变为 “ 直接宾语 + 介词 + 间接宾语 ” ： He give the door a hard kick. I never give the matter a thought. She give him a warm smile. This heroic deed cost him his life.

Exercises Fill in the blanks using “to” or “for”. 1) Fifty dollars was advanced __ him on his salary before the work was done. 2) You should never serve beef __ a Hindu. to

3) You’d better do your best but prepare yourself ___ the worst. 4) I’ll send a postcard __ you while I am away on holiday. 5) You come up to the City Hall tonight and I’ll fix things ___you. for to

1. Can you explain ___________? A. this problem to me B. me this problem C. to me problem D. me problem Exercises

2. He made a new dress_____ his wife and gave it ______ her on her birthday. A. to; for B. for; to C. for; for D. to; to

3. Mr. Smith apologized ___ the lady ___ what her son had done. A. to; to B. to; for C. for; to D. for; for 4. Read the letter and ____ him. A. pass it on to B. pass on it to C. pass it for D. pass it on

5. Which one is not right?_____ A. Will you do me a favour? B. Will you do a favour for me? C. Will you do a favour to me? D. Will you do me the favour to help me with my English?

6. The little boy wanted to have a book at his birthday present, but the cruel stepmother _____ him his request. A. refused B. answered C. gave D. promised

7. Which of the following is not true? ___ A. Mr. Wang taught us physics last year. B. Mr. Wang taught our physics last year. C. Mr. Wang taught physics to us last year. D. We were taught physics by Mr. Wang by last year.

8. Listen! Can you hear the popular song_____ in the next door? A. sung B. being sung C. singing D. sing

9.I think it is a waste of money____ books of that kind. A. to buy B. to buying C. in buying D. on buying

10.The survivor still remembered that at the beginning of the earthquake It sounded like a train ___ quickly under his house. A. go B. going C. went D. had gone

用括号内所给动词的适当形式完成下列句 子。 1. The new college graduate insisted on _______ (send) where he was most needed. 2. The parents suggested _______ (sleep) in the hotel room but their kids were anxious to camp out during the trip. 3. After reading the text, we’ll go on _______ (do) the exercises. 4. I can’t stand _______ (work) with Jane in the same office. She just refuses to stop talking while she works. being sent sleeping to do working

5. Isn’t it time you got down to _______ (mark) the papers? 6. If you think that treating a woman well means always _______ (get) her permission for things, think again. 7. Victor apologized for not _______ (inform) me of the change in the plan. 8. I don’t want _______ (sound) like I’m speaking ill of anybody, but the manager’s plan is unfair. to sound marking getting informing