“Between the Wars” Depression, Fascism, Mussolini, & Hitler.

You are one crazy FASCIST DUDE!!! Wait and see

“Treaty of Versailles” How did the supposed “peace” at Versailles start the ball rolling towards a second world war? How did the supposed “peace” at Versailles start the ball rolling towards a second world war? –Brainstorm with someone next to you for the next minute.

Harsh Provisions for Germany Territorial Losses Territorial Losses –Land taken away to create Poland. Alsace and Lorraine given back to France (mineral rich land), Germany lost overseas colonies. Military Restrictions Military Restrictions –Germany’s army and navy are limited. Germany had to remove troops from Rhineland and industrial areas next to France. War Guilt War Guilt –Germany had to accept full responsibility for the war and pay for war damages. CAUSES EXTREME BITTERNESS IN GERMANY.

League of Nations The forerunner to the United Nations, the League of Nations was a great idea to make peace at the table instead of the battlefield, but it remained weak because the United States refused to join. The forerunner to the United Nations, the League of Nations was a great idea to make peace at the table instead of the battlefield, but it remained weak because the United States refused to join.

Unfulfilled National Goals Many nations were dissatisfied with the results of World War I. Various groups felt that their goals had not been achieved. Many nations were dissatisfied with the results of World War I. Various groups felt that their goals had not been achieved.

Germany was horrified by the terms of the Treaty of Versailles. Germany was horrified by the terms of the Treaty of Versailles. Italy hoped to gain more land than it received. It had made a secret treaty with the Allies that was not fulfilled. Italy hoped to gain more land than it received. It had made a secret treaty with the Allies that was not fulfilled. Japan was angry because the Allies did not recognize its claims in China. Japan was angry because the Allies did not recognize its claims in China. China was angry that Japan had been given control over former German possessions in China. China was angry that Japan had been given control over former German possessions in China. Russia was angry over the reestablishment of Poland and the creation of independent Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania on lands that had been part of the Russian Empire. Russia was angry over the reestablishment of Poland and the creation of independent Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania on lands that had been part of the Russian Empire.

Worldwide Depression Economic problems emerged in Europe. Economic problems emerged in Europe. Soldiers were jobless. Soldiers were jobless. Nations had debt to pay and cities to rebuild. Nations had debt to pay and cities to rebuild. It was a shaky recovery for Europe. It was a shaky recovery for Europe. The US was booming though. The US was booming though. Large investments in Europe helped the US prosper. Large investments in Europe helped the US prosper. Then… Then…

Causes of the Global Depression Less Demand for Raw Materials Less Demand for Raw Materials –The war had increased the demand for raw materials. Demand lessened after the war, and prices fell. –Farmers, miners, herders, and other suppliers of raw materials suffered economic loss. Overproduction of Manufactured Goods Overproduction of Manufactured Goods –Prices of manufactured goods kept increasing, while those that were suffering could not afford the goods. The Stock Market Crash The Stock Market Crash –Many investors bought stock on credit. Bankers began to call in those loans in 1929, which they could not collect. PANIC FOLLOWED and investors rapidly sold their stock.

Impacts of Depression Over 5000 banks in the US alone closed down. Over 5000 banks in the US alone closed down. Millions were out of work. Millions were out of work. Global trade declined. Global trade declined. Because the US Stock Market fell, all other markets began to crash. Because the US Stock Market fell, all other markets began to crash. People began to lose faith in Capitalism and Democracy. People began to lose faith in Capitalism and Democracy. New ideologies began to arise. New ideologies began to arise. STRONG LEADERS SUPPORTED INTENSE NATIONALISM, MILITARISM, AND A RETURN TO AUTHORITARIAN RULE. STRONG LEADERS SUPPORTED INTENSE NATIONALISM, MILITARISM, AND A RETURN TO AUTHORITARIAN RULE.

“The Rise of Fascism” Italy is mine!!! Down with the Weimer Republic!!!

FASCISM Censorship & Gov’t control of news Extreme Nationalism State control of economy Strict discipline Rule by Dictator Blind loyalty to leader Use of violence and terror Strong Military

Common Ideals of Fascism Fascism is the rule of a people by dictatorial government that is nationalistic and imperialistic. Fascism is the rule of a people by dictatorial government that is nationalistic and imperialistic. Fascist governments are also anti- communist. Fascist governments are also anti- communist. Fascism emerges in both Italy and Germany after WWI. Fascism emerges in both Italy and Germany after WWI.

Mussolini in Italy

Mussolini took advantage of the Italian troubles after WWI. (loss of land, unemployment. Mussolini took advantage of the Italian troubles after WWI. (loss of land, unemployment. Called his group the Fascists and promised to end unemployment and gain more land. Called his group the Fascists and promised to end unemployment and gain more land. Vowed to put an end to all civil unrest. Vowed to put an end to all civil unrest. 1922, Fascists used terror to end free elections, free speech, and free press. 1922, Fascists used terror to end free elections, free speech, and free press. Killed and jailed enemies. Killed and jailed enemies. Italians put the goals of the state over individual goals. Italians put the goals of the state over individual goals.

Hitler in Germany

NAZI Rise to Power World War I German War Debt. Loss of Colonies Wish for revenge. Weak Gov’t Doubts about Weimer Rep. Political Quarrels. Wish for strong leader. Economic Problems. Inflation. Worldwide Depression No Jobs!!! Leadership Use of terror and force Idea of Superior Race. Blame of Minority Groups.

Hitler as Germany’s Leader The Third Reich (empire) was a totalitarian state. The Third Reich (empire) was a totalitarian state. German standard of living rose. German standard of living rose. Rebuilding of army violates Versailles treaty. Rebuilding of army violates Versailles treaty. Began a policy of blaming minority groups, especially Jews. Began a policy of blaming minority groups, especially Jews. Most people looked away from Hitler’s policies because they were finally moving away from the depression. Most people looked away from Hitler’s policies because they were finally moving away from the depression.

“The Final Solution”

WARING… The following slides may be graphic

The Holocaust Hitler’s goal was to create a living space for all Germans, who he considered the “superior race.” Hitler’s goal was to create a living space for all Germans, who he considered the “superior race.” He planned to destroy all he considered “inferior,” that being the Jews and other minority groups. He planned to destroy all he considered “inferior,” that being the Jews and other minority groups.

The Holocaust Hitler’s attempt at destroying an entire race is known as Genocide. Hitler’s attempt at destroying an entire race is known as Genocide. Placing Jews in concentration/death camps forced the death of over 6 million Jews over the duration of WWII. Placing Jews in concentration/death camps forced the death of over 6 million Jews over the duration of WWII.