The Cold War. Country Military deaths Civilian deaths Jewish Holocaust deaths Total deaths Deaths per 1,000 population Soviet Union10 million11.5 million1.

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Presentation transcript:

The Cold War

Country Military deaths Civilian deaths Jewish Holocaust deaths Total deaths Deaths per 1,000 population Soviet Union10 million11.5 million1 million23 million137.1 Germany5.5 million1.8 mil160, mil108.2 France212,000267,00083,000562, United Kingdom 307,70061,700369, United States 407,30011,200418, Japan1.9 million700, million36.1 China4 million6 million10 million18.9 Poland400, mil3 million5.6 million OTHER NATIONS 2.2 million9.2 million1.5 mil11 million Totals25 million31.5 million5.75 mil62 million31.6

Why COLD? 2 rivals never actually directly engaged each other Engaged in proxy wars: –war that results when 2 powers use 3rd parties as substitutes for fighting each other directly. Why not face each other directly? –Too risky…. –Too HOT….

It felt HOT… Propaganda used on both sides Rivals seen as imminent threat to survival of nation-- as EVIL Domino theory based on fear & assumption that fall of one country to communism would bring about the fall of its neighbor….. Acknowledged the power of ideology…

Conference at Tehran December 1943

Yalta Conference February 1945 Growing Tensions and Growing Mis-trust

Potsdam Conference: July 1945

“…an Iron Curtain has fallen upon the land…”

Berlin Airlift

Building of the Berlin Wall 1961

1949 West Germany Created

De-Stalinization Nikita Krushchev 1956

EEC and COMECON

Decolonization, Alignment and Proxy Wars Post WWII Western Europe is giving up on their empire Domino Theory Also (remember) Truman Doctrine

US & USSR Compete For influence, allies, client states & economic power Pursued a policy of containment –Block foreign influence & expansion World gets divided into blocs: –Warsaw Pact –NATO Those who tried to stay out: non-aligned nations

Communist China: 1949

Stalemate till 1953: 38th Parallel

U-2 Incident

Coup in Cuba Communism Close to Our Shores

Test Of Wills

Conflict in Vietnam Ho Chi Minh

Independence of India 1946

International Crisis

Creation of Israel

The enemy of my enemy… In US = Truman Doctrine ”I believe it must be the policy of the US to support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures” In USSR = Brehznev Doctrine "When forces that are hostile to socialism try to turn the development of some socialist country towards capitalism, it becomes not only a problem of the country concerned, but a common problem and concern of all socialist countries."

The Arms Race Key strategy of Cold War = brinksmanship –Willing to go to the edge of war Stockpile enough nuclear weapons so as to make actual conflict too risky: –Mutually Assured Destruction (MAD)

1957 Sputnik

Nuclear Arms Race