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Your Goal: I can explain how the various groups that have ruled the middle east have changed.

1. Geographic Importance a. Center of trade routes between Europe, Africa and Asia b. Great wealth

2. Unique Character The movement of conquering people through the region Many groups have ruled the middle east throughout history. Assyrians Babylonians Hitittes Greeks Romans

3. Mid 600’s a. The spread of Islam by Mohammed and his followers b. Islam spread the Arabic language c. Allowed conquered people to practice their own religion

4. The Ottoman Turks Rule 1293 – 1922 a. The Ottoman Turks Rule for 400 years c. Allow Christians and Jews to practice their religions Sultan Suleyman b. Controlled trade

Discontent and Rivalry 1700’s a. Different ethnic groups and religious groups want independence from Ottoman Turks Bosnia Herzegovina BulgariaArmenia Egypt

The Sick Man of Europe 1800’s – 1900’s a. Europe tries to influence political change in Turkey British French Russians All want Turkey

The Ottomans choose Poorly… a. Turkey sides with the Central Powers b. Germany Austria- Hungary Italy And they lose!

Secrets a. The Allies (Great Britain, France, and Russia) make a secret deal to divide the Ottoman Empire

Ottoman Turkey is Divided… a. The Arabs are given “most” of the Arabian peninsula and that’s it… b. Mandate – Land to be governed on behalf of the League of Nations until it was ready for independence. c. The boundaries we have today were drawn Britain – Israel, southern Iraq, Kuwait France – Syria, Lebanon, southern Turkey Russia – zippo…

5. Mid 1940’s Iraq Syria Jordan Lebanon independence was granted to …

6. The dilemma… a. Two groups claim the land we call Israel Arabs Jews

7. The Claims… JewsArabs - Ancestors were the early settlers - Lived there for centuries - Ancestors lived there 1900BC to 1700BC Hebrews -Conquered by Babylonians 586BC Some remained, many moved out - 70AD Romans force Jews to leave

8. Zionism In late 1800 ’ s and early 1900 ’ s Jews from around the world began to return to Palestine. “ Zion ” is a hill in Jerusalem. The goal – create their own Jewish country

Balfour Declaration The British divide Palestine into Jewish and Arab sections. Purpose – To give the Jews a national home to enjoy rights and freedoms. Arabs Jews Lord Balfour Angry Happy

Self Determination The right to decide your own political future. The Arabs believed Palestine would become part of a larger Arab country.

The Rise of the Nazi’s The Nazi ’ s with Hitler persecuted Jews Many Jews flee to Palestine The Holocaust occurs killing 6 million Jews The world is outraged and support a homeland for Jews

9. The United Nations Acts The nation Israel is created out of Palestine in % of the population is Arab More than half of the land …

10. The Arabs React Surrounding Arab countries attack Israel Israel defeats the Arab armies and take more land

The Results… Defeated Palestinian Arabs flee to neighboring countries. Lebanon, Jordan, Syria, and Egypt Several more wars are fought but the Israelis won them all.

The P.L.O. formed to gain independence for Palestinians. 11. The Palestinian Liberation Organization The P.L.O. fights for their own country.

Today Palestine is a recognized country in the area called Gaza and parts of the West Bank. Israel is a recognized country that continues to fight for its freedom.

12. Underlying Issues Control of the Holy city Jerusalem Instability remains and violence continues.

Your Goal: I can explain how the various groups that have ruled the middle east have changed.