Aldehydes and Ketones - carbonyl compounds carbonyl group - structure, bonding and physical properties.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
NUCLEOPHILIC ADDITION REACTION
Advertisements

Aldehydes and Ketones Dr. Talat R. Al-Ramadhany. Introduction Aldehydes are compounds of the general formula RCHO; Ketones are compounds of the general.
Aldehydes, ketones. Required background: Structure of alkenes Nucleophilic substitution S N 1, S N 2 Essential for: 1. Carboxylic aids and their derivatives,
Aldehydes and ketones that have a C=O bond , but no O-H bond, cannot form hydrogen bonds with one another, as alcohols. Aldehyde and ketones therefore.
Synthesis of Alcohols Reduction of Aldehydes and Ketones Common reducing agents and conditions: NaBH 4 ( sodium borohydride ) alcohol, ether, or H 2 O.
Organic Chemistry 4 th Edition Paula Yurkanis Bruice Chapter 18 Carbonyl Compounds II Radicals Irene Lee Case Western Reserve University Cleveland, OH.
Aldehydes from oxidation of primary alcohols using the Dess- Martin periodinane reagent 14.2 Preparing Aldehydes and Ketones.
1 Chapter 18 Chapter 18 Additions to the Carbonyl Groups Addition to the carbonyl group also occurs at the carbon of a carbonyl groups which is also electrophilic.
Chapter 18: Ketones and Aldehydes. Classes of Carbonyl Compounds.
Chapter 9: Aldehydes and Ketones The Civet Cat is the original source of civetone, a sweet and pungent ketone used as a fixative in perfumery.
ALDEHYDES AND KETONES BY: SALEHA SHAMSUDIN.
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. 1 Organic Chemistry 6 th Edition Paula Yurkanis Bruice Chapter 18 Carbonyl Compounds II Reactions of Aldehydes and Ketones.
The functional group of a carboxylic acid is a carboxyl group
Chapter 9 Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition Reactions.
1 Nucleophilic reactions of carbonyl groups Oxygen is more electronegative than carbon (3.5 vs 2.5) and, therefore, a C=O group is polar.
Chapter 18 Ketones and Aldehydes Organic Chemistry, 6 th Edition L. G. Wade, Jr.
CHE 242 Unit VII The Physical and Chemical Properties, and Reactions of Ketones, Aldehydes, and Amines CHAPTER EIGHTEEN Terrence P. Sherlock Burlington.
Ketones, Aldehydes CH21 PS CLASS. Recall the many times we’ve synthesized these! I command thee. Oxidation of R-OH – (Periodinane, CrO 3 /Na 2 Cr 2 O.
Organic Chemistry Reviews Chapter 16 Cindy Boulton April 5, 2009.
Aldehydes and Ketones  Nomenclature  Properties  Preparation reactions of Aldehydes and Ketones  Characteristic reactions of Aldehydes and Ketones.
Chapter 16 Aldehydes and Ketones I. Nucleophilic additions to the carbonyl group 16.1 Introduction Except for formaldehyde, the simplest aldehyde, all.

Aldehyde and ketones Lec.10. Introduction Aldehydes and ketones are characterized by the presence of the carbonyl group, perhaps the most important functional.
Chapter 17 Aldehydes and Ketones: Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Aldehydes & Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition to the Carbonyl Group
Aldehydes and ketones Dr. Sheppard CHEM 2412 Summer 2015
Reduction of Aldehydes and Ketones Reduction of Aldehydes and Ketones to Alcohols.
Compounds with Polar  Bonds In each of these species on the right, however, the C atom of the polar π bond possesses a leaving group. The presence of.
Organic Chemistry, 5th ed.
Aldehydes & Ketones: Part II
WWU -- Chemistry Aldehydes and Ketones II. Oxidation and Reduction: Synthesis Chapter 17.
Organic chemistry for medicine and biology students Organic B Chapter 18 Aldehydes and Ketones By Prof. Dr. Adel M. Awadallah Islamic University of Gaza.
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. 1 Organic Chemistry 6 th Edition Paula Yurkanis Bruice Chapter 18 Carbonyl Compounds II Reactions of Aldehydes and Ketones.
Synthesis Biosynthesis Reagents = small carbon-based molecules (e.g. amino acids, carbohydrates) Catalysts = enzymes, proteins that bind and then catalyze.
Chapter 19 Substitutions at the Carbonyl Group
Hemiacetal and Acetal Functional Groups Hemiacetal: alcohol and ether on same carbon Acetal: Two ethers on same carbon.
Chapter 16 Aldehydes and Ketones Nucleophilic Addition to the Carbonyl Group.
17.4 How Aldehydes and Ketones React (Part III)
Chem. 108 Aldehydes and Ketones Chapter 9.
Aldehydes and Ketones. II. Oxidation and Reduction; Synthesis Chapter 17.
PTT 102 Organic Chemistry Sem I 2012/2013
Chem 2412: Ch. 18 Aldehydes and Ketones. Classes of Carbonyl Compounds.
Organic chemistry for medicine and biology students Chem 2311 Chapter 9 Aldehydes and Ketones By Prof. Dr. Adel M. Awadallah Islamic University of Gaza.
Reduction of Aldehydes and Ketones Complete reduction of a carbonyl group to a methylene (-CH 2 -) group is possible by two different methods 1)Wolff-Kishner.
Chapter 16 Aldehydes and Ketones I
Chapter 18 Additions to the Carbonyl Group Reactions of Aldehydes and Ketones.
Class II Carbonyl Compounds Naturally occurring aldehydes and ketones.
Chem 3313 W.J. Baron Spring MWF Chapter 12 Nucleophilic Addition and Substitution at Carbonyl Groups Nucleophilic Addition to a Carbonyl Group Nucleophilic.
Chapter 16 Aldehydes and Ketones I
Aldehydes/Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition Reactions.
Ch 16 Aldehydes and Ketones I. Introduction All aldehydes have a carbonyl group bonded on one side to a carbon and on the other to a hydrogen Examples:
Chapter 9 Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition Reactions
Reactions of aldehydes and Ketones
Aldehydes and Ketones.
Aldehydes and Ketones.
Properties Nomenclature Preparation Reactions Synthesis
Chem. 108 Aldehydes and Ketones Chapter 9.
Chapter 16 Aldehydes and Ketones I
Chapter 18 Additions to the Carbonyls
Fundamentals of Organic Chemistry
Fundamentals of Organic Chemistry
Properties Nomenclature Preparation Reactions Synthesis
Fundamentals of Organic Chemistry
Mr. R. B. Gawade M. Sc. NET / GATE Assistant Professor in Chemistry
Aldehydes and Ketones— Nucleophilic Addition
Fundamentals of Organic Chemistry
of carbonyl group chemistry
Fundamentals of Organic Chemistry
Fundamentals of Organic Chemistry
Fundamentals of Organic Chemistry
Presentation transcript:

Aldehydes and Ketones - carbonyl compounds carbonyl group - structure, bonding and physical properties

Review of methods of preparation of aldehydes and ketones hydration of alkynes Friedel-Crafts acylation of aromatic compounds

Overview of reactions of carbonyl compounds reduction to alcohols addition of organometallic reagents addition of oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur and phosphorus nucleophiles reduction of carbonyl to methylene (Clemmensen or Wolff-Kishner)

Nucleophilic addition to carbonyls

Synthesis of Alcohols Reduction of Carbonyl Compounds

Synthesis of Alcohols Reduction of Carbonyl Compounds

H 2 /cat., NaBH 4, LiAlH 4 Synthesis of Alcohols Reduction of Carbonyl Compounds

lithium aluminum hydride (LAH)

sodium borohydride

Synthesis of Alcohols Using Organometallic Reagents

Hydration of aldehydes and ketones

An example

Addition of alcohols: hemiacetal and acetal formation

hemiacetal or hemiketal

Addition of alcohols: hemiacetal and acetal formation hemiacetalacetal

Mechanism of acetal formation

An example

Addition of ammonia and amines: imine and enamine formation

Examples

The Wittig Reaction

An example

The mechanism

Mechanism, cont.

Formation of cyanohydrins

Example

Reduction of carbonyls to alkanes Clemmensen reduction Wolff-Kishner reduction Desulfurization of thioketals

Nucleophilic Addition to a,b-Unsaturated Carbonyls

Strong nucleophiles add 1,2 kinetic control Weaker nucleophiles add 1,4 thermodynamic control

Nucleophilic Addition to a,b-Unsaturated Carbonyls

Feedback: Privacy Policy Feedback
Do Not Sell My Personal Information
About project: SlidePlayer Terms of Service

© 2025 SlidePlayer.com. Inc. All rights reserved.