Compounds with Polar  Bonds In each of these species on the right, however, the C atom of the polar π bond possesses a leaving group. The presence of.

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Presentation transcript:

Compounds with Polar  Bonds In each of these species on the right, however, the C atom of the polar π bond possesses a leaving group. The presence of a leaving group facilitates another type of reaction with nucleophiles, called nucleophilic addition–elimination reactions.

Hydration Rate and Equilibrium Constants

Structural Comparison

Inductive Effects

p. 617 Reduction

Green Principles Addresses Less Hazardous Reagents Safer Solvent Use of Renewable Feedstocks Catalysis

Selective Reduction

LiAlH 4 and NaBH 4 Reactivity with a Proton Source

Reduction of Other Functional Groups LiAlH 4 must be used for both reductions

Sodium Hydride

Some Feasible Grignard Reagents A Grignard reagent should not contain functional groups that react with strong bases or strong nucleophiles. The Grignard reagents below are unfeasible.

Grignard Reaction and Mechanism

Grignard Reactions Can Be Used to Produce Carboxylic acids

Wittig Green Principles Addresses Less Hazardous Reagents Safer Solvent Energy Efficiency

Direct 1,2-Addition Mechanism

Reversibility in Nucleophilic Addition

Thermodynamic Product

Thermodynamic or Kinetic Product?

Organometallics in Synthesis

Synthesis and Direct/Conjugate Addition

Synthesizing Alkenes: Wittig Reactions Are Better

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