JRC – Ispra October 2004 French inventory of animal waste management system : changes and impact on GHG emissions Guillaume Gaborit Centre Interprofessionnel Technique dEtudes de la Pollution Atmosphérique

JRC – Ispra October 2004 Summary Context –General –Agriculture in France Previous Methodology Improved Methodology –Farm survey –New parameters –Impact Conclusion

JRC – Ispra October 2004 Context France is by far, with Germany, the greatest contributor to CH 4 and N 2 O emission in the EU 15. Total national emissions of CH 4 and N 2 O - source EEA/ CITEPA In 2002, France accounted for : 18% of total EU CH 4 Emissions 22% of total EU N 2 O emissions

JRC – Ispra October 2004 Context And particularly in France, agriculture constitutes the largest share in these emissions. CH 4 and N 2 O emissions (in Gg eq CO 2 ) from agriculture vs Others sectors in countries of EU 15 in 2002 – Source EEA/ CITEPA First columns : CH 4 Second columns : N 2 O France is the first consumer of synthetic fertilizer in EU and the 5th in the world. French cattle stocks are the largest in the EU and one of the 20 largest in the world

JRC – Ispra October 2004 Context – Agriculture French situation Agriculture is an important key source for CH 4 and N 2 O CH 4 : –Agriculture accounts for 69% (out of LUCF) of which 33% are due to 4B N 2 O –Agriculture accounts for 76% of which 100% are due to 4B & 4D Other : for NH 3 agriculture accounts for 98% of total national emissions Emissions of CH 4 and N 2 O in 2002 (in Gg)

JRC – Ispra October 2004 Previous Methodology Despite the importance of agriculture emissions, methodology was IPCC Tier 1, consequence of a lack of data. Improvement : Heifers are separately treated from "Other Cattle" : a part of them are assimilated as Dairy cattle while the other part is considered as "other cattle" intermediate behavior Parameters (MS%, Bo, VS, Nexcr) used are those for Western European countries. Particular note : Liquid system has a large part (often > 50%)

JRC – Ispra October 2004 Farm Survey SCEES (within French Agricultural Ministry) carried out two widespread surveys : in 1994 and Conducted mainly in the framework of the French PMPOA programme : controlling pollution from agricultural sources not specifically designed to fulfill emission inventory requirements but nitrates issues Questionnaires deal with housing and manure management in particular can however be exploited. Field surveys Concern cattle, swine, sheep and goats : –Cattle : farms out of about ( 6% farms were surveyed) (in 2000) –Swine : farms out of about ( 9% farms were surveyed) (in 2000)

JRC – Ispra October 2004 Improved methodology Based on national Animal Waste Management system instead of default IPCC values in line with IPCC Tier 2. Extended livestock description : 11 categories considered instead of the 5 from IPCC Tier 1. AWMS are to a certain extent time-dependable inventory more accurate MS% based on 1994 survey

JRC – Ispra October 2004 Improved methodology Main remarks No more daily spread Cattle are mainly on solid storage Pasture share is much more important for cattle Difference between MS%IPCC Tier1 and New MS% from survey

JRC – Ispra October 2004 Impacts Two opposite behaviors: –As MCF liq >>MCF sol CH 4 emissions decrease –As Frac N sol >>Frac N liq N 2 O increase In fact, due to corrections of certain data, in UNFCCC inventory for April 2005, variation will be smoothed as regard 2004 version N 2 O total : +1.3% CH 4 total : -1.2% GWP total : +0.04%

JRC – Ispra October 2004 Conclusion IPCC Tier 1 parameters can prove to be strongly irrelevant (high uncertainties are thus justified) and Tier 2 is clearly required. Present improvements are a first step. Following are some points which should be investigated further in order to improve the inventory : –Parameters B o, VS, MCF, etc. –Need to take greater account of management techniques in order to integrate mitigation efforts accurately (use of trailing shoe, feeding practices, etc.) require statistics (currently unavailable) but also corresponding EF. –N-balance approach