Workshop on Inventories and Projections of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Waste under WG 1 and 2 of the Climate Change Committee Overview of methods and parameters used by Member States for estimation of GHG emissions from solid waste disposal, wastewater handling and other waste emissions Anke Herold, ETC-ACC 2 May 2005

2 6.A - CH4 from solid waste disposal sites - methods Estimation methods CH 4 emissions from managed solid waste disposal are key sources in all Member States. EU-15 MS use IPCC Tier 2/FOD method with the exception of Greece (Tier 1) and Luxembourg (?). Several countries use country-specific methods or models similar to Tier 2. New MS generally use tier 1 approach.

3 6.A - CH4 from solid waste disposal sites - methods Estimation methods FOD method requires historical data on waste generation over decades (e.g. 1950/60 – 2005) and it may be difficult to achieve consistent time series for the activity data over such long periods as data collection and data sources change. Only few MS address this difficulty in their NIRs

4 6.A Solid waste disposal Waste generation rate

5 6.A Solid waste disposal Waste management practices

6 6.A Solid waste disposal Fraction of DOC in MSW

7 6.A Solid Waste Disposal DOC Graph presents an average DOC, however usually different DOC values for individual waste fractions are used. DOC changes over time due to different waste composition which depend on waste management practices (e.g. recycling activities), in some countries constant DOCs

8 6.A Solid waste disposal CH4 recovery

9 6.A Solid Waste Disposal DOC CH 4 recovery in many MS around 10% of generated CH 4 CH 4 recovery is key measure to reduce CH 4 emissions from solid waste disposal, potential for additional reduction Despite of this fact, few MS use direct measurements and site-specific data and many use rough assumptions on gas collection efficiency and CH 4 use or flaring (additional information from landfill directive?) CH 4 energy use from MSWD should be consistently reported in the energy and waste sector, this is in many cases not easy to analyse

10 6.A Solid waste disposal CH4 generation rate constant k

11 6.A Solid Waste Disposal Industrial waste All types of solid waste should be included (industrial waste, sludge, construction and demolition waste) Data on industrial waste (agro-food, pulp & paper, wood processes) may be difficult to obtain in many countries. DOC Default values for industrial waste are not provided by the 1996 IPCC Guidelines. Five Member States neither mention nor consider industrial waste in the NIR. However, industrial waste may be subject to different treatments, therefore this source may not be relevant in all MS that currently do not report on industrial waste.

12 6.B Wastewater Handling Domestic and commercial wastewater CH 4 Emissions from domestic and commercial waste water handling are the most significant emission sources in category 6.B. CH 4 emissions from waste water handling are calculated with the help of diverse methods (C,CS,D, M, T1 and T2). The quality of the estimate is low for EU-15 In MS with high connection rate to sewage system, aerobic treatment of wastewater and anaerobic digestion with combustion of CH 4, the CH 4 emissions are very small/ negligible

13 6.B – Wastewater Handling - methods All Member States report N 2 O Emissions from human sewage Different methods are applied (C, CS, D, T1 and T2). One important parameter which is country- specific and applied by almost all Member States is the daily per capita protein consumption, an overview of the values is provided on the next slide

14 6.B Wastewater Handling Protein consumption

15 6.D – Waste Other - composting 4 MS report CH 4 and N 2 O emissions from composting (Austria, Belgium, Italy, Netherlands) In some MS strongly growing category (e.g. Italy) In IPCC 1996 Guidelines and GPG no default EF for composting available, maybe relevant activity for other MS (e.g. Finland, Germany) 2006 IPCC Guidelines will provide method and default parameters

16 6.D – Waste Other – composting EF for CH 4

17 6.D – Waste Other – composting EF for N 2 O

18 Issues for further discussion Discuss country-specific parameters for EU Member States and compile reasonable ranges for such parameters that are related to site conditions and landfill types. Such overviews in the workshop report could help with justification of use of country-specific parameters Further assistance to new MS in implementation of tier 2 approach necessary – new IPCC tier 1 method may help Lack of appropriate detailed and accurate information on CH 4 recovery from landfills in many countries, further discussion how this situation can be improved – maybe additional information from other EU legislation (landfill directive, renewable energy)? Further discussion of appropriate techniques in the waste sector to derive missing activity data for past years Discussion of methodological issues and parameters for composting and biological-mechanical treatment.

19 Thank you for your attention