6.00 am get up 7.20 am start school 10: 17-Unit Lunch  Do Now  Your task Draw a timeline showing a typical school day. Include breaks and travelling times as well as leisure time after school and the time you normally go to bed.

Industrial Revolution Starts in the mid-1700s Prior to the industrial revolution most people lived and worked in small farming villages Agricultural Revolution-new advances in technology increase food production. –Horse and steel plow – Fertilizer use – Yields improved 300% Enclosure Movement Growth of foreign trade for manufactured goods

Population Multiplies Britain’s pop. 5 mil in 1700  9 mil in Europe 120 mil in 1700 to 180 mil in –Reasons: 1. Agricultural revolution  reduced risk of death from famine. 2. People ate better and stayed healthier. 3. Hygiene and sanitation improved as well as medical care. Industrialization leads to urbanization  cities grew around factories-job opportunities.

Britain Leads the Way…Why? 1.Natural Resources=plentiful  ports and navigable rivers. 2.Rivers also source or power and led to the construction of canals. 3.Canals led to trade. 4.Had had lots of coal and iron which was used to power and build parts for steam engines. 5.Stable economy  due esp. to Slave Trade 6.Stable govt. supported economic growth 7.Strong Navy-for protection 8.Rise of Business: Trade on rise since mid 1600s-business class gained capital which could then be invested in business organizations

Cottage Industry Putting-out system-aka cottage industry flourished in 1600 and 1700’s. Raw cotton given to families who spun it into thread and wove them into cloth in their own home. Skilled artisans in towns then finished and dyed cloth.

Technology Replaces the Cottage Industry Flying Shuttle-allowed weavers to work faster and they soon outpace spinners Spinning Jenny-spun many threads at same time and increased production Water Frame-spinning machine powered by water Cotton Gin-sped cotton production

Rise of Factories Cottage industry fails due to new machines Manufacturers built long sheds to house machines –At 1 st near water for power –Improvements in smelting iron from its ore- used to produce parts for steam engine –Then run by steam engines-powered by coal –Spinners and weavers now worked in factories

Urbanization- movement of people to cities. Occurs because of the changes in farming.

1.Industrial Middle Class- Those who benefited from Industrial Revolution, and were entrepreneurs. 2.Industrial Working Class- Due to population growth, there were less places to live cheaply. Lived in over crowded tenements.

Protests Labor Unions (illegal) got together and wished for worker reforms. Riots occur in which textile machines are smashed, these people are called Luddites. Religion becomes very popular (promised a better life to come).

HARSH!!! Factories-12 hour workdays, losing fingers & limbs, breathing in lint, etc. Mines- Dust in lungs, explosions, flooding, collapsing tunnels, etc. Children (5 & up)- Crawl under machinery for repairs, open/close vents in mines, extreme heat, etc.

Transportation Revolution Need for faster movement of good Capitalists invest in turnpikes-private built roads-paid a few to use. Others had canals dug to connect inland towns to coastal ports  lost importance in 1830’s to trains

Blessing or a Curse?

Reforms improved working conditions Working class gains rights to vote, has political power PROS: –Mass produced goods –New Factories –More Jobs –Better Hours –Wages rose –More railroads, more connections

Drawbacks to Industrialization Cities became crowded Overpopulation and factories led to pollution Working Conditions were poor Living Conditions were poor

Did things change? Find out about continuing exploitation of children around the world: BBC newsBBC news Child labourer in India