The Chemistry of Acids and Bases

Acids and Bases: Characteristics At the conclusion of our time together, you should be able to: 1. Give examples of acids and bases 2. List some properties of acids and bases 3. Compare and contrast the characteristics of acids and bases

Hopefully, when we get done, you won’t be in this much trouble!!

Acid and Bases

Acids Have a sour taste. Ex. Vinegar is a solution of acetic acid. Citrus fruits contain citric acid. React with certain metals to produce hydrogen gas. React with carbonates and bicarbonates to produce carbon dioxide gas Have a bitter taste. Feel slippery. Many soaps contain bases. Bases

Kid’s Letters to God:

Some Properties of Acids þ Produce H + (as H 3 O + ) ions in water (the hydronium ion is a hydrogen ion attached to a water molecule) þ Taste sour, Corrode metals, Electrolytes þ React with bases to form a salt and water þ pH is less than 7, Turns blue litmus paper to red “Blue to Red A-CID”

Some Properties of Bases  Produce OH - ions in water  Taste bitter, chalky, are electrolytes  Feel soapy, slippery  React with acids to form salts and water  pH greater than 7  Turns red litmus paper to blue “Basic Blue”

How Are a Texas Tornado And a Tennessee Divorce The Same?  Somebody's Gonna Lose A Trailer.

Acids and Bases: Characteristics Let’s see if you can: 1. Give examples of acids and bases 2. List some properties of acids and bases 3. Compare and contrast the characteristics of acids and bases

Get Your Clicker!!!

Which of the following is not a characteristic of an acid? 1. Tastes sour 2. pH is lower than 7 3. Reacts with a base to form salt and water 4. Turns litmus paper blue 5. Produces H+ ions in water 6. All answers are correct

Which of the following is not a characteristic of a base? 1. Tastes bitter 2. pH is higher than 7 3. Reacts with an acid to form salt and water 4. Turns litmus paper blue 5. Produces OH- ions in water 6. All answers are correct

The Chemistry of Acids and Bases

Acids and Bases: Naming At the conclusion of our time together, you should be able to: 1. Name any acid or base 2. Determine if the acid is binary or ternary (oxy-acid) and use the appropriate naming system

Naming Acids Binary Acids:  Contain “H” and one other element To Name: Hydro + second element name + ic + acid Ex: HCl = Hydro chlorine – ine + ic acid Hydrochloric acid HF = HF = Hydrofluoric acid

Prefix Hydro- Stem or root of nonmetal Suffix -icacid HCl Hydro HI HCl is a binary acid – hydrogen - nonmetal chlor ic acid iodicacid H 2 S Hydrosulfuricacid

Naming Acids (cont.) Ternary Acids (oxyacids):  Contain “H”, “O” and one more element To Name: Polyatomic ion “ate”  “ic” + acid Ex:HNO 3 = Nitr-ate  ic + acid Nitric acid HClO 3 = Chloric acid Chloric acid  An easy way to remember which goes with which…  “In the cafeteria, you ATE something ICky”

Naming Acids (cont.)  If the acid has one more oxygen than the root acid, the naming goes as follows: To Name: Per + Polyatomic ion “ate”  “ic” + acid Ex: HNO 4 = Per + Nitr-ate  ic + acid Pernitric acid H 2 SO 5 = Persulfuric acid Persulfuric acid

Naming Acids (cont.)  If the acid has one less oxygen than the root acid, the naming goes as follows: To Name: Polyatomic ion “ite”  “ous” + acid Polyatomic ion “ite”  “ous” + acid Ex: HNO 2 = Nitr-ite  ous + acid Nitrous acid H 2 SO 3 = Sulfurous acid

Naming Acids (cont.)  If the acid has two less oxygens than the root acid, the naming goes as follows: To Name: Hypo + Polyatomic ion “ite”  “ous” + acid Ex: HNO = Hypo + nitr-ite  ous + acid Hyponitrous acid HClO = Hypochlorous acid Hypochlorous acid

Acid Nomenclature Review No Oxygen  w/Oxygen “In the cafeteria, you ATE something ICky”

Acid Nomenclature Flowchart

Summary of Naming Ternary Acids

HBr (aq)HBr (aq) H 2 CO 3H 2 CO 3 H 2 SO 3H 2 SO 3  hydrobromic acid  carbonic acid  sulfurous acid Acid Nomenclature Review

Name ‘Em!  HI (aq)  HCl (aq)  H 2 SO 3  HNO 3  HClO 4 Hydroiodic acid Hydrochloric acid Sulfurous acid Nitric acid Perchloric acid

Practicing Naming All Acids FormulaBinary or Ternary Name HClB HIB HNO 2 T H 2 SO 5 T H 3 PO 2 T H4CH4CB Hydrochloric acid Nitrous acid Persulfuric acid Hypophosphorous acid Hydrocarbonic acid Hydroiodic acid

Chemical Compound Quiz Hypochlorous acid helps get the laundry white and bright. What is the common name? Bleach

Naming Bases  Name the metal first  Add hydroxide Ex:NaOH = Sodium hydroxide KOH = Potassium hydroxide Potassium hydroxide

Some Common Bases NaOHsodium hydroxide, lye KOHpotassium hydroxide, liquid soap Ba(OH) 2 barium hydroxide, stabilizer for plastics Mg(OH) 2 magnesium hydroxide “MOM” Milk of magnesia Al(OH) 3 aluminum hydroxide, Maalox (antacid) Al(OH) 3 aluminum hydroxide, Maalox (antacid)

Tell you what, I’ll follow you!!

Practice Naming Bases FormulaName NaOH Fe(OH) 3 Mg(OH) 2 Ni(OH) 2 NH 4 OH Sodium hydroxide Iron (III) hydroxide Magnesium hydroxide Nickel (II) hydroxide Ammonium hydroxide

Acids and Bases: Naming Let’s see if you can: 1. Name any acid or base 2. Determine if the acid is binary or ternary (oxy-acid) and use the appropriate naming system

Pass the Clicker!!!

Name HCl. 1. Hydrogen chloride 2. Hydrochloric acid 3. Chloric acid 4. Perchloric acid 5. Chlorous acid 6. Hypochlorus acid 7. I have no idea!! 8. Who cares??

Name HClO. 1. Hydrogen chloride 2. Hydrochloric acid 3. Chloric acid 4. Perchloric acid 5. Chlorous acid 6. Hypochlorus acid 7. I have no idea!! 8. Who cares??

Name HClO Hydrogen chloride 2. Hydrochloric acid 3. Chloric acid 4. Perchloric acid 5. Chlorous acid 6. Hypochlorus acid 7. I have no idea!! 8. Who cares??

Forgetter Be Forgotten? My forgetter's getting better, But my rememberer is broke To you that may seem funny But, to me, that is no joke. For when I'm 'here' I'm wondering If I really should be 'there' And, when I try to think it through, I haven't got a prayer!

Forgetter Be Forgotten? Oft times I walk into a room, Say 'what am I here for?' I wrack my brain, but all in vain! A zero, is my score. At times I put something away Where it is safe, but, Gee! The person it is safest from Is, generally, me!

Forgetter Be Forgotten? When shopping I may see someone, Say 'Hi' and have a chat, Then, when the person walks away I ask myself, 'who the hell was that? Yes, my forgetter's getting better While my rememberer is broke, And it's driving me plumb crazy And that isn't any joke.

Name HClO Hydrogen chloride 2. Hydrochloric acid 3. Chloric acid 4. Perchloric acid 5. Chlorous acid 6. Hypochlorus acid 7. I have no idea!! 8. Who cares??

Name HClO Hydrogen chloride 2. Hydrochloric acid 3. Chloric acid 4. Perchloric acid 5. Chlorous acid 6. Hypochlorous acid 7. I have no idea!! 8. Who cares??

Name H 2 SO 4 1. Hydrogen Sulfate 2. Hydrosulfuric acid 3. Sulfuric acid 4. Persulfuric acid 5. Sulfurous acid 6. Hyposulfurous acid 7. I have no idea!! 8. Who cares??

Name H 3 PO 3 1. Hydrogen phosphite 2. Hydrophosphic acid 3. Phosphoric acid 4. Perphosphic acid 5. Phosphorous acid 6. Hypophosphorous acid 7. I have no idea!! 8. Who cares??

1. Hydrogen Nitrite 2. Hydronitric acid 3. Nitric acid 4. Pernitric acid 5. Nitrous acid 6. Hyponitrous acid 7. I have no idea!! 8. Who cares?? Name HNO.

Name Sr(OH) 2 1. Strontium (II) Hydroxide 2. Strontium Oxygen Hydrogen 3. Strontium Oxyhydride 4. Strontium Hydroxide 5. Strontinoic Acid 6. Strontium Dihydroxide 7. Not listed

Name Fe(OH) 3 1. Iron (III) Hydroxide 2. Iron Hydroxide 3. Ironic Acid 4. Iron (I) Hydroxide 5. Iron Oxyhydride 6. Not listed

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