Japan Limits Western Contacts

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Presentation transcript:

Japan Limits Western Contacts Setting the stage: 1467-1568: “Warring States” period. Daimyo: warrior-chieftains who employed samurai The daimyos fought each other for control of the country

First Attempts at Unification Oda Nobunaga: seized the imperial capital Kyoto Used firearms effectively during battle for the first time in Japan Committed seppuku after betrayed by his own general.

Toyotomi Hideyoshi: Nobunaga’s best general Through force and alliances he controlled most of Japan He invaded Korea and began long campaign against Korea and Ming dynasty in China Died without being victorious

Tokugawa Shogunate Tokugawa Ieyasu: ally of Hideyoshi who unified Japan Defeated enemies at the Battle of Sekigahara. Became shogun (leader) of Japan Moved his capital to Edo, which later became Tokyo

Reforms: Forced daimyo to spend every other year in Tokyo Had to leave their family in Edo as hostages Result was rule of law over rule by sword

Tokugawa Society Peace meant greater production of food. Merchants class became rich but peasant farmers still led difficult lives.

Confucian ideas were important in Japan but led to different results than in China Farmers were heavily taxed, and people flocked to cities Cities grew, and Edo’s population was greater than one million in 1600.

Culture: Kabuki: elaborate costumes, dance, mime concerned with urban life Haiku: poetry that presented ideas. It had a very particular structure. Basho: greatest Haiku poet.

Japan and Europe 1543: Portuguese sailors wash up onto Japan. Japan is interested in the outsiders. Portuguese traders bring eyeglasses, tobacco, and clocks to Japanese markets Daimyo were interested in European firearms and cannons.

Christian missionaries arrived alongside merchants Francis Xavier: led the first mission to convert Japanese The missionaries were successful: 300,000 converts by 1600.

Ieyasu reacts to the success by banning Christianity in 1612. In 1637 there was a rebellion by peasants against the government Many of the peasants were Christians therefore the government persecuted Christians eliminated the religion in Japan.

Closed Country Policy Japan eventually closes off their country to outsiders One port (Nagasaki) is left open to Chinese and Dutch ships Japanese government has monopoly on foreign trade This isolation exists for over 200 years