Early Evidence for Human Reliance Upon a Natural Perspective.

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Presentation transcript:

Early Evidence for Human Reliance Upon a Natural Perspective

Prehistoric Period Learning by trial and error Rich natural history knowledge Information not written down (paper & writing developed ~5K years ago) Crops Domesticated

When did the study of science begin? Paleolithic paintings on cave walls and recordings on bones- observations 32,000 years ago

When did the study of science begin? Mesopotamian 7,000 B.C. to 6 th century B.C. Bronze surgical knives Medical text Astronomy

Ancient Greece Hippocrates (460 – 370? B.C.) Greek physician Diseases have natural causes Rejected view that disease caused by evil spirits Believed that the brain was area of higher thought and emotion, not heart Program for good health: rest, good nutrition, and exercise. Started “Western Medicine”

Galen ( A.D.) Anatomy & Physiology disease resulted from an internal imbalance of the four humors Mistakes in understanding circulation Research based on ape dissection Textbook used for 1000 years Roman Times

Dark Ages- 200 to 1200 A.D. Sad time Little new knowledge Taboo against dissecting human cadavers continued Avoided actual involvement Authority prevails

da Vinci( ) Anatomy & Physiology Renaissance

Vesalius dissects a female cadaver in his anatomy lab Vesalius ( ) Anatomy & Physiology Followed Galen’s writings, but later found he was wrong

Medieval Human Anatomy Before Vesalius

Vesalius’ Images

The female pelvic anatomy. From Vesalius's De Corporis Humani Fabrica, Vesalius’ Images

Microscope

Anton van Leeuwenhoek Invented a simple microscope Discovered bacteria, protists, sperm cells, blood cells…

Leeuwenhoek’s Microscope

Leeuwenhoek’s “Animalcules”

Robert Hooke

Cells in Cork

William Harvey Discoveries Disproved Galen that blood not made from the liver Heart is a pump not a suction device Showed closed circuit circulation Showed existence of valves in veins

Arteries & Veins

Circulation

1600’s Medicine: Leeches A prescription leech at the Harborview Medical Center pharmacy. Leeches and Maggots make a comeback

Ultrasound

X Ray

Ct Scan 3D reconstruction of CT Scan. Objects are packets of cocaine.

MRI

PET Scan

Pill cam Smartphone apps Modern Technology

Inquiry 1.Galen’s textbook was based on research of ______ not humans. 2.What did Velsalius discover? 3.Leeuwenhoek, Hooke, and Galileo invented the____. 4.List 4 modern “non-evasive” technologies that allow us to look in the body.