Reconstruction US rebuilds after Civil War- readmitting Confederate states

Reconstruction Lincoln’s 10% Plan Lenient policy-allow a quick and easy return Lenient policy-allow a quick and easy return Pardon all confederates, except high ranking military officers Pardon all confederates, except high ranking military officers 10% must swear allegiance and then a state could form a new gov’t and gain representation 10% must swear allegiance and then a state could form a new gov’t and gain representation

Reconstruction Radical Republicans Group of republican’s disapproved of Lincoln’s lenient plan Group of republican’s disapproved of Lincoln’s lenient plan Destroy political power of slave owners and give full citizenship to African Americans Destroy political power of slave owners and give full citizenship to African Americans Thaddeus Stevens

Reconstruction Andrew Johnson’s Plan Johnson succeeds Lincoln after the assassination Southern Abolitionist-> continued Lincoln’s plan Each state: With draw seccession Swear Allegiance Annul war debts Accept 13 th Amendment: Abolish Slavery

Reconstruction Freedmen’s Bureau and Black Codes Distribute food and clothing to former slaves and poor whites Distribute food and clothing to former slaves and poor whites Civil Rights Act of passed 13 th Amendment Civil Rights Act of passed 13 th Amendment Forbade Black Codes- discriminatory laws Forbade Black Codes- discriminatory laws Johnson vetoed both measures Johnson vetoed both measures

Reconstruction Congressional Reconstruction Radical and moderate republicans dislike Johnson’s plan-> too lenient and too biased Radical and moderate republicans dislike Johnson’s plan-> too lenient and too biased 14 th Amendment: All people born in US are citizens 14 th Amendment: All people born in US are citizens

Reconstruction Military Reconstruction Act—1867 Divided South into Military District Divided South into Military District Southern States—Tn. Excepted—would write new constitutions w/ Universal Adult Male Suffrage Southern States—Tn. Excepted—would write new constitutions w/ Universal Adult Male Suffrage States had to ratify 14 th amendment States had to ratify 14 th amendment Divide states into five military districts Divide states into five military districts Johnson Impeached Radical republicans felt he was shirking his responsibilities Radical republicans felt he was shirking his responsibilities

Reconstruction Fifteenth Amendment Ulysses S. Grant elected president Ulysses S. Grant elected president 15 th Amendment: All males have right to vote 15 th Amendment: All males have right to vote

Reconstruction Conditions in South Scalawags and Carpetbaggers Southern Republicans were scalawags->small farmers Northerners who moved south were carpetbaggers-> take advantage of Southern dilemma, others hoped to help

Reconstruction Changes in Southern Economy Former slaves rarely had money to start over Former slaves rarely had money to start over 40 Acres and a Mule 40 Acres and a Mule Southerners want to reinstate Plantation System->use former slaves Southerners want to reinstate Plantation System->use former slaves Sharecropping: work land, share cropsSharecropping: work land, share crops Tenant Farming: Rent farm landTenant Farming: Rent farm land

Reconstruction Collapse of Reconstruction Southern whites were violently opposed to black rights; many in north were indifferent Rise of KKK Where army was present, KKK leaders were apprehended and imprisoned Land Reform—blacks (and poor whites) left to farm tenancy

Reconstruction Grant Presidency Did attempt to enforce Reconstruction Did attempt to enforce Reconstruction Presidency clouded by scandals Presidency clouded by scandals Republican party divided between Stalwart and Liberal Republicans—little energy left to devote to Reconstruction. Republican party divided between Stalwart and Liberal Republicans—little energy left to devote to Reconstruction. South achieves Home Rule: South achieves Home Rule: Run state gov’t without Federal interferenceRun state gov’t without Federal interference

Reconstruction Legacy No real progress against discrimination No real progress against discrimination Radical Republicans impeded Reconstruction Radical Republicans impeded Reconstruction 13 th, 14 th and 15 th Amendment Passed 13 th, 14 th and 15 th Amendment Passed