Unit 4 Grammar The -ing form as the Attribute and Adverbial

Yesterday, another student and I, representing our university’s student association, went to the Capital International Airport to meet … … I saw several young people enter the waiting area …..., she recognized Tony Garcia’s smiling face.

I stood for a minute watching them and then went to greet them. She stepped back appearing surprised … Then Akira Nagata from Japan came in smiling, … When Darlene Coulon from France came dashing through the door, … … they also express their feelings using unspoken “language” …

动词 -ing 形式在句中作定语和状语是本 单元的学习重点。 1. 作定语 动词 -ing 形式可以单独充当名词的前置 修饰语, 这时有两种情况。 (1) 动词 -ing 形式表示 “ 供作 之用 ” 的意 思, 这类作定语的 -ing 形式叫动名词。 a swimming pool = a pool for swimming 1. 作定语 动词 -ing 形式可以单独充当名词的前置 修饰语, 这时有两种情况。 (1) 动词 -ing 形式表示 “ 供作 之用 ” 的意 思, 这类作定语的 -ing 形式叫动名词。 a swimming pool = a pool for swimming

a sleeping car = a car for sleeping (2) 动词 -ing 形式表示 “ 的 ” 意思, 叫现 在分词。 a sleeping child working people the rising sun

动词 -ing 形式短语作定语时一般放在它所 修饰的名词之后, 相当于一个定语从句。 如 : They are visitors coming from several countries. The boy standing there is a classmate of mine.

(1)Four people entered the room looking around in a curious way. = Four people entered the room and looked around in a curious way. (2)Being poor, he couldn’t afford a TV set. (1)Four people entered the room looking around in a curious way. = Four people entered the room and looked around in a curious way. (2)Being poor, he couldn’t afford a TV set. 原因 2. 作状语 可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、 行为方式或伴随动作等。 2. 作状语 可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、 行为方式或伴随动作等。 伴随动作

(3)Working hard, you’ll surely succeed. 条件 (4)The boy sat in front of the farm- house, cutting the branch. 伴随 (5)He came running back to tell me the news. 方式

(6)(When) Hearing the news, he got frightened. =When he heard the news, he got frightened. (6)(When) Hearing the news, he got frightened. =When he heard the news, he got frightened. (7)The child slipped and fell, hitting his head against the door. 结果 时间, 可以在分词前保留 when

Attention Please 动词 -ing 形式作状语时, 它的逻辑主语必 须与主句的主语是一致的。 Time permitting, I will pay a visit to the whole city. ( 分词的逻辑主语是 time, 而句子的主语 是 I, 两者不构成主谓关系, 所以只能用 独立主格结构, 也就是给现在分词补充 一个主语。 )

She stepped back appearing surprised. His nose touched Mr. Cook’s moving hand.

She stepped back appearing surprised. =She stepped back and appeared surprised. His nose touched Mr. Cook’s moving hand. =His nose touched Mr. Cook’s hand which is moving.

They also express their feelings using unspoken language. =They also express their feelings by the way of using unspoken language. =They are visitors who come from several countries. They are visitors coming from several countries.

1. The stranger said something in a _______ voice and the little girl was very much _______. A. frightening, frightened B. frightened, frightening C. frightening, frightening D. frightened, frightened

2. Mother caught the boy ______ in the corner. A. smoke B. to smoke C. being smoked D. smoking

3. ______ the programme, they have to stay there for another 2 weeks. A. Not completing B. Not completed C. Not having completed D. Having not completed

4. “We can’t go out in this weather”, said Bob, ____ out of the window. A. looking B. to look C. looked D. having looked 5. Though _____ money, his parents managed to send him to university. A. lacked B. lacking of C. lacking D. lacked in

6. _______ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river. A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. To suffer D. Suffered

7. He looked around and caught a man ______ his hand into the pocket of a passenger. A. put B. to be putting C. to put D. putting

8. Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage _____ the girl and took her away, ____ into the woods. A. seizing; disappeared B. seized; disappeared C. seizing; disappearing D. seized; disappearing

9. ______ in the queue for half an hour. Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home. A. To wait B. Have waited C. Having waited D. To have waited 10. The picture _____ on the wall is painted by my nephew. A. Having hung B. hanging C. hangs D. being hung

Review 动词 -ing 形式能在句中作主语、 宾语、表语、定语、宾语补足语 和状语，但不能单独作谓语。

Individual activity

1. _____ their hats into the air, the fans of the winning team let out loud shouts of victory. (2008 天津 ) A. To throw B. Thrown C. Throwing D. Being thrown I. Multiple choice

2. Lots of rescue workers were working around the clock, ______ supplies to Yushu, Qinghai Province after the earthquake. (2010 福建 ) A. sending B. to send C. having sentD. to have sent

4. He had a wonderful childhood, _____ with his mother to all corners of the world. (2010 安徽 ) A. travel B. to travel C. traveled D. traveling 3. ____ the city center, we saw a stone statue of about 10 meters in height. (2010 上海 ) A. Approaching B. Approached C. To approach D. To be approached

5. It rained heavily in the south, ______ serious flooding in several provinces. (2010 天津 ) A. caused B. having caused C. causing D. to cause 6. The news shocked the public, ______ to great concern about students’ safety at school. (2010 重庆 ) A. having led B. led C. leading D. to lead

7. The next thing he saw was smoke ____ from behind the house. (2011 全国 ) A. rose B. rising C. to rise D. risen 8. Sarah pretended to be cheerful, _____ nothing about the argument. (2011 全国 II) A. says B. said C. to say D. saying

9. Sit down, Emma. You will only make yourself more tired, ____ on you feet. (2011 北京 ) A. to keep B. keeping C. having kept D. to have kept 10. Mike found his missing car in the street outside his house, _____ newly cleaned and polished. (2011 上海春 ) A. looked B. to look C. looking D. to be looking

11. More highways have been built in China, ____ it much easier for people to travel from one place to another. (2011 陕西 ) A. making B. made C. to make D. having made

13. ____ around the fire, the tourists danced with the local people. (2011 辽宁 ) A. Gather B. To gather C. Gathering D. To be gathering 12. Do you wake up every morning ____ energetic and ready to start a new day? (2011 湖南 ) A. feel B. to feel C. feeling D. felt

1. When he approached Ms Smith, he touched her shoulder and kissed her. ______ ___________ Ms Smith, he touched her shoulder and kissed her. II. Rewrite the following sentences. When approaching 2. The person who is translating the songs can speak seven languages. The person __________ ___ _____ can speak seven languages. translatingthe songs

3. The boy standing there is reading a book about body language. The boy ____ __ ________ there is reading a book about body language. who is standing 4. Because he comes from Jordan, he moves close to ask you a question. _______ _____ Jordan, he moves close to ask you a question. Coming from

III. Using structures hold … in arms, cry, appear sad The woman holds her son in arms, crying and appearing very sad.

box, hit on the face, move, steps The two boxing men try to hit the other on the face, moving their steps carefully.

ski, laugh, exciting They are skiing down the hill, laughing all the way. What an exciting scene it is!

dance, sing, raise arms up, amazing music They are dancing to amazing music, singing and raising their arms up.

Koala Bear, carry, climb, search for food Carrying her little baby on the back, the mother Koala Bear climbs up the trees, searching for food.

1. Having not seen the film, I can’t tell you what I think of it. 2. The men worked for extra hours got an extra pay. 3. Seen from the top of the hill, we find the city more beautiful. 4. Generally speak, facial expressions are helpful communications, too. Not having working Seeing speaking IV. 改错

5. “Can’t you read?” the man said, angrily pointed to the notice on the wall. 6. Knocking at the door before entering, please. 7. European football is played in 80 countries, made it the most popular sport in the world. pointing Knock making