Reconstruction

10 Percent Plan As soon as ten percent of state’s voters took a loyalty oath to the Union, the state could set up a new government If a state’s constitution abolished slavery and provided education for African Americans, the state would regain representation in Congress

Andrew Johnson Took over as President after the death of Abraham Lincoln

Andrew Johnson Wanted to follow Lincoln’s reconstruction plan From Tennessee and sympathetic to the South Wanted to bring the South back into the Union without delay

Wade Davis Bill Required that a majority of s state’s prewar voters swear loyalty to the Union before the process of restoration could begin Demanded equality for African Americans

Radical Republicans Wanted to punish former slaveholders and leaders of the Confederacy Wanted to give African Americans full citizenship and the right to vote

Thaddeus Stevens Leader of the Radical Republicans who sought to destroy the power of the former slaveholder

Freedman’s Bureau A federal agency set up to help former slaves and poor whites after the Civil War by distributing food and clothing Continued efforts until 1872

Jim Crow Laws Discriminatory laws passed throughout the post-Civil War South Severely restricted African American lives

Ku Klux Klan Goal was to restore white supremacy by preventing African Americans from exercising their political rights

Civil Rights Act of 1866 Granted citizenship and equal protection under the law to African Americans

Thirteenth Amendment Freed slaves from masters “Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted shall exist within the United States”

Fourteenth Amendment Made all people equal under the law Stated southern states could not deny former slaves the right to vote Said former Confederate leaders could not hold office

Reconstruction Act of 1867 Divided former Confederate states into 5 military districts Voters, including African Americans, elected delegates to write a new state constitution

Reconstruction Act of 1867 States had to allow African Americans the right to vote and pass the 14 th amendment to be allowed back into the Union

Tenure of Office Act Stated that the President could not remove cabinet officers during the term of the president who appointed them without approval from the Senate

Johnson’s Impeachment Radical Republicans felt that Johnson was not carrying out his obligation to enforce the Reconstruction Act Johnson ignored the Tenure of Office Act and fired his Secretary of War

Johnson’s Impeachment House of Representatives impeached him but Senate fails to convict him by one vote

Fifteenth Amendment Guarantees people the right to vote regardless of race

Scalawags A white Southerner who joined the Republican Party after the Civil War Seen as Southern traitors

Carpetbaggers A Northerner who moved to the South after the Civil War Southerners resented them for taking southern money back to the north

Sharecroppers A system in which land owners give farm workers land, seed, and tools in return for a part of the crops they raise

Tennant Farmers System in which farm workers supply their own tools and rent farmland from owners

Whiskey Ring Scheme by tax collectors and whiskey distillers to cheat the government out of tax money Was the most serious of scandals during Ulysses S. Grant’s presidency

Election of 1876 Rutherford B. Hayes elected after a compromise was reached to end Reconstruction Known as the Compromise of 1877