Medieval Revival

Middle Ages: General Timeline 476 C.E. Fall of Rome 1066 C.E. Norman invasion of Britain C.E. Crusades Dante’s Divine Comedy 1386 C.E. Chaucer begins writing Canterbury Tales Years War France & England 1455 C.E. Printing Press 1517 Protestant Reformation Beowulf Composed sometime between 850 C.E. 900 C.E Fall of Byzantine Empire with invasion of Ottoman Turks 306 C.E. Constantine comes to power in Eastern Roman Empire; beginning of Byzantine Empire 1347 Bubonic Plague 450 C.E. Anglo- Saxons invade England Sir Gawain & Green Knight

Reduction in Violence Magyars defeated in 955 and began to settle in Hungary Infighting among Muslims Vikings simply stop marauding and settle down

Reduction in Violence Walls built around towns Church attempts to tame warfare –“Pax Dei”

Agricultural Revolution Improvement in climate Three field system New technologies –Carruca (iron plow) –New yoke and harness system for draft animals Windmills Watermills

Agricultural Revolution Better farming led to more crops More food led to population growth Population growth increased town growth

Population Increase Birth rate up/Death rate downBirth rate up/Death rate down European-wide population explosionEuropean-wide population explosion –1100 AD = 42 million people –1300 AD = 72 million people –Population of England, Scotland and Wales tripled to 5 – 6 million –Population of France grew to 20 million –London – 70,000 –Florence, Milan, Venice – 100,000 –Paris – 200,000

Population Increase No major famines or plagues between AD More people for the lords to tax

Revival of Town Life “Burg” and “Ghetto” Overcrowded –Air & water pollution –Begging –Prostitution –Law enforcement Guilds – regulation of businesses Great differences in social classes

Revival of Town Life By 1300, 10% of the population of western Europe lived in cities Towns were centers for reemerging long distance trade

Revival of Long Distance Trade Medieval Guilds – opposed to trade Development of contracts Development of banking

Rise of the Medieval University Knowledge transferred from Church to Universities –Trivium – grammar, logic, rhetoric –Quadremmium – arithmetic, astronomy, geometry, music Medical Schools

Religious Reform The growth of religious abuses “Lay investiture” Selling “indulgences”

Religious Reform Crusades Inquisition Pope Innocent calls the Fourth Lateran Council in 1215 –4 th Crusade –Heretics –No new denominations –No marriage outside church

Emerging European Monarchies

France Philip Augustus (French) attacked King John (English) and won French lands back. Philip the Fair – created a national assembly called the Estates General. – –First Estate: the church – –Second Estate: the nobility – –Third Estate: the townspeople

England The “Domesday Book” (1086) Henry II conquered part of Ireland and made the King of Scotland his vassal

Magna Carta King John got greedy, so his nobles revolted.King John got greedy, so his nobles revolted. They forced him to sign The Magna Carta.They forced him to sign The Magna Carta. –Limited the power of the King. –Provided protection of law to everyone. –Guaranteed trial by jury. –No taxation without representation. Became the basis for modern English and American law.Became the basis for modern English and American law.

100 Years War England versus FranceEngland versus France Henry V (English) wins part of France after Battle of Agincourt in 1415.Henry V (English) wins part of France after Battle of Agincourt in Joan of Arc (French) wins it back.Joan of Arc (French) wins it back. Results:Results: –France’s power increased –England slipped into civil war –The Church continued to lose power –Chivalry was dead –End of the Middle Ages