American Home Front. Mobilization for War men into Armed Forces + factories to war production = full employment & end of Depression.

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Presentation transcript:

American Home Front

Mobilization for War

men into Armed Forces + factories to war production = full employment & end of Depression

Average family income DC$2227$5316 NYC$2760$4044

Union membership increases by over 20% Government gets some concessions: Limit on wartime wage increases No strike pledge – not followed by everyone

1941 – 1945 US spent $321 billion More than the budgets for the last 150 years combined

Raised $100 billion in bonds New tax system: Tax Revenue Act of 1942 Starts withholding

National debt: $49 billion in 1941 $259 billion in 1945

Fear of inflation causes government to create the Office of Price Administration or OPA Able to keep inflation under control Not wildly popular due to role in rationing

War Production Board Supervises conversion to war production Auto makers trucks, planes, tanks Shirt makers uniforms, parachutes Refrigerator ammunition

Lansing Oldsmobile Plant

Henry Kaiser uses pre-fab to cut time to make ‘Liberty Ships’ 240 days to 40

Willow Run

1941 6,000,000 industrial workers ,000,000 industrial workers

Where to get workers? Native Americans Hispanic ~ 300,000 Women

African Americans –height of the Great Migration, the shift to Northern cities 7 million from

6,000,000 women work in industry Get 60% the pay of men

Rosie the Riveter

Armed Forces 15 million serve 10 million drafted

Includes: 900,000 African Americans 500,000 Hispanics 25,000 Native Americans 300,000 women

Zoot Suit Riots June 1943

Blacks mostly menial labor Tuskegge Airmen Experiment to show Blacks “racially deficient” and can not fly

Graduate 926 fighter pilots Over 200 missions 66 killed 33 captured Escorted Bombers lost: 0

Had to fly 100 missions to be rotated out instead of 50 missions for white pilots

Relocation of Japanese-Americans Concerns on West Coast about Japanese-Americans Attorney General Earl Warren & Governor Olsen Olsen pass law to dismiss J-A from gov. jobs & right to practice Medicine and law

February 1942 War Relocation Authority Executive Order ,000 rounded up, given 48 hours to sell homes and businesses 2/3 of those taken are born in the US

Korematsu v. US to 3 Relocation is constitutional

442 nd Regiment Most decorated unit in ETO >9000 Purple Hearts 7 Presidential unit Citations 53 Distinguished Service Crosses 19 CMH

Waiting in line for rationed goods

Rationing A stamp for gas – 3 gallons per week 2 pair of shoes per year

Victory Gardens Over 20 million around the country 1/3 of fresh vegetables come from Victory Gardens

Who goes to war?

PT Boat

War and the Movies

Fighting Seabees

They Were Expendable

Guadalcanal Diary

Veronica Lake

Sahara

Mrs. Miniver

Destination Tokyo

Dewey Roosevel t Election of 1944

Thomas DeweyFDR

Fala

Election issue: Economy not war Unspoken issue: FDR’s health

FDR forced by party to dump VP Henry Wallace and pick Harry S. Truman

FDR % Dewey 99 46%

April 12, 1945 FDR has a stroke in Warm Springs, Georgia while sitting for a portrait. Lucy Mercer Rutherford is with him