Training Lecture for RARE Conservation Program for Sustainable Fishing and MPA Management in the Philippines 16 September 2010 Part One - Orientation The Philippine Environmental Governance Project

General Overview  Life of Project: October 2004-September 2011  5 technical areas in addressing threats to biodiversity Forest and Forestland Management (FFM) Coastal Resource Management (CRM) Solid Waste Management (SWM-UEM) Waste Water Management (WWM-UEM) Governance and Advocacy (GoAd)  National project with offices in three regions Central Visayas (Region 7 part of Region 6) Mindanao (ARMM, Regions 9,11,12) Northern Luzon (Solano-closed/Manila)

Ridge to Reef

Project biophysical targets Over 263,000 ha of natural forests under improved management Over 51,000 ha of forest lands under productive development About 112,000 ha of coastal areas under improved About 112,000 ha of coastal areas under improved management management Established 27 new marine sanctuaries covering 1700 ha Established 27 new marine sanctuaries covering 1700 ha Fifty (50) existing MPAs under improved management Fifty (50) existing MPAs under improved management (>2600 ha) (>2600 ha)

Twenty (20) LGUs investing in waste water treatment facilities Over 100 LGUs meeting the good environmental governance index Project biophysical targets Ninety LGUs diverting > 25% of waste away from disposal to recycling, composting etc Leveraged > Php 1.3 billion in LGU budget allocations for NRM ( ) ( > USD 25 million )

Achievements Towards 7 Year Targets Seven-Year TargetYear 6 Target Accomplishments Year 6As of Sept 2010* Indicator 1:Number of government institutions meeting good environmental governance index (cumulative) 100 LGUs Baseline GSA of at least 20 LGUs Baseline GSA conducted in 24 LGUs 81 LGUs (81%) Indicator 2:Hectares of natural forest under improved management 280,000 ha20,000 ha 20,682 ha (103%)282,775 ha (101%) Indicator 3:Hectares of forestlands under productive development 64,000 ha31,905 ha30,172 ha (95 %)** 62,269 ha (97%) Indicator 4:Coastal areas under improved management 117,000 ha10,72817,351 ha (161%)128,719 ha (110%)

Achievements (cont’d) Indicator 5:Number and hectares of new marine sanctuaries established 29 sanctuaries (762 ha) 5 sanctuaries 8 sanctuaries (160%) ha 29 MPAs (100%); 1,721.7 ha (226%) At end of Year 5, 29 additional MPAs were reported to be at “established” level in the process of strengthening their management. Total: 58 MPAs 2,173.7 ha Indicator 6:Number and hectares of existing marine sanctuaries under improved management 60 sanctuaries (2,700 ha) 5 sanctuaries 5 MPAs (100%) ha 55 MPAs (92%); 2,850.6.ha (106%) Indicator 7:Number of LGUs diverting at least 25% of waste from disposal to recycling and composting 100 LGUs SWM planning and implementation TA to at least 12 LGUs 6 LGUs have draft SWM plans for legitimization 90 LGUs (90%). Indicator 8:Number of LGUs investing in wastewater facilities 26 LGUs 1 LGU with investment; WWTF design TA to at least 9 LGUs 1 LGU (100%); 9 projects in 8 LGUs presented to LCEs/SB/ SP for 2011 funding. 20 (77%)

KBAs FFM is supporting at least 10 terrestrial KBAs CRM is operating in 9 marine KBAs UEM is supporting 13 wetlands and marine KBAs

Convergence Area – Ta ñ on Strait  Ongoing activities in CRM, FFM and UEM  Effort in CRM and UEM is being increased (UEM will target Cebu side and possibly Negros Occ urban centers).  PLGU and DENR of Negros Or. and Cebu are being capacitated to scale up FFM, UEM and CRM

Convergence Area – South Negros / Sulu Sea Ongoing activities in CRM, FFM and UEM EcoGov effort in CRM and UEM will be increased PLGU of Negros Or. will be capacitated to continue support to FFM, UEM and CRM Coordination with GTZ, PSA

Other Convergence Areas Camotes Sea Ongoing activities in CRM, FFM and UEM EcoGov effort in CRM and UEM will be increased through PLGU and CSCRMC FFM support in mangrove management

Other Convergence Areas Sarangani Bay Ongoing efforts in FFM and UEM Increased EcoGov efforts in FFM and UEM Coordinate with ongoing activities to establish WAQMAs (JICA, WB), water and sanitation programs (WB), water quality monitoring of EMB

Processes that promote principles of: Transparency Accountability Participation Functionality What is environmental governance?

Forests and Forestlands Management (FFM)

Solid Waste Management (SWM)

Waste Water Management (WWM)

Coastal Resources Management (CRM)

 Focus on critical marine KBAs (ie Davao Gulf, Visayas Sea, Illana Bay)  Strengthen MPA networks and Inter-LGU clusters (5)  Mainstream / Institutionalize CRM activities and scale up  Facilitate climate change adaptation at community level  Identify and leverage sustainable financing opportunities CRM Programming Priorities FY 2010

Continue to strengthen MPAs and networks Institutionalize participatory MPA M&E (3 tools) Focus on sustainable financing for alliances and networks Advance framework for mariculture development Finalize and disseminate knowledge products Develop learning / investment destinations CRM Programming Priorities FY 2011

EcoGov Core Indicators and Targets: Intermediate Results Intermediate Result: Improved environmental governance (forest, water, coastal resources; municipal waste) particularly in Mindanao and other conflict affected areas EG 2 Target: 80 government institutions meeting good environmental governance index benchmark Reduced illegal logging & conversion of natural forests Improved management of municipal waste 250,000 ha of natural forest under improved mgt 14,000 ha of bare forest lands under productive dev’t EG 2 Targets 106,700 ha of coastal area under improved management 20 new marine sanctuaries established (400 ha) 50 existing marine sanctuaries managed (2,500 ha) 90 LGUs with 25% diversion of SW into recycling/ composting 20 LGUs with investments in sanitation facilities Individuals/HH with access to or benefited by sanitation facilities Reduced overfishing & destructive fishing EG 2 Targets 106,700 ha of coastal area under improved management 20 new marine sanctuaries established (400 ha) 50 existing marine sanctuaries managed (2,500 ha)

EcoGov Core Performance Indicators Indicator: Coastal areas under improved management Definitions: Improved management -- when a. LGUs have legitimized coastal and/or fisheries mgt plan b. LGUs have approved annual budget for CRM/FRM c. There is functional LGU-based resource mgt organization, including enforcement d. LGU implementing good CRM/FRM practices Sufficient condition: First three conditions + at least 2 good practices For LGUs with CRM plans: implementation in two zones in addition to protected areas (e.g. municipal fisheries zone + mangrove management zone) For LGUs with FRM plans: at least one action related to enforcement + at least one action on management of fishing effort Area computed 5 km from shoreline, not 15 km (municipal waters in RA 8550). Can be effectively managed by LGU. Method: Annual (semi-annual) assessment

EcoGov Core Performance Indicators Indicator: Number and hectares of new marine sanctuaries established Definitions: New sanctuary = it has not been previously established Established: a.With legitimized plan, which is basis for municipal ordinance b.Management body formed c.Funding allocation from LGU and/or other sources d.At least 2 implementation activities initiated, one of which should be on enforcement Method: Annual (semi-annual) assessment

EcoGov Core Performance Indicators Indicator: Number and hectares of existing marine sanctuaries under improved management Definitions: Existing = it has previously been declared or established through initiatives of LGU, communities, other projects including EcoGov (i.e., EG 1 and new ones to be established in EG 2) Improved management = established (per indicator 5) with implementation activities maintained for at least one year and have resulted in reducing effort and destructive fishing in no-take areas Threshold actions: enforcement, and regulation of illegal fishing outside the no-take areas, IEC conducted, participatory biophysical M&E initiated Method: Annual (semi-annual) assessment

EcoGov Outputs  Established network of marine sanctuary managers (CRM) a.MOA among at least 3 LGUs b.Written plan of joint actions for the network c.Joint financing scheme for the management of marine sanctuaries d.External linkages for technical, financial and entrepreneurial support e.Implementation of M and E activities using the MPA rating system  Functional inter-LGU alliances (CRM) a.Formal agreement among LGU members indicating clear objectives of the alliance and individual and collective responsibilities of members b.Existence of strategic action plan with implementation of at least one key interdependent activity c.Existence of working group/unit that facilitates inter-LGU decision-making and a system fro managing conflict d. Sustained financial and manpower contributions from component LGUs e.Technical and support agreements with partner resource organizations (e.g., provincial government)

Map from Ong et al with marine biogeographic regions (Alino and Gomez 1994) South China Sea North Philippine Sea South Philippine Sea Sulu Sea Visayan Seas Celebes Sea CRM Sites in Marine Priority Conservation Areas Baler Bay (Aurora) Camotes Sea (NE Cebu) Tañon Strait (NE Neg. Or. & SW Cebu) Bohol Sea (SE Bohol & Siquijor) Sulu Sea (S Neg. Or.) Davao Gulf Illana Bay (Zamboanga del Sur) Sibugay Bay (Zamboanga Sibugay) Celebes Sea (Basilan)

 Jurisdiction over National Integrated Protected Area Systems (NIPAS)  Political economy of managing MPA networks and alliances  Scientific inputs to protected area management vs local capacities  Coastal law enforcement  Political will and vested interests  Measuring threat reduction – M&E and other tools  Scale – does size matter? Some issues and concerns in CRM implementation

 Mariculture zoning  Mangrove co-management  Sustainable financing mechanisms internal - - LGU budget, EUF, penalties external - - grants, loans, equity (projects)  Integrating climate change considerations DRR and CCA ocean acidification vs sequestration? Some issues and concerns in CRM implementation (cont’d)