TOPIC: CELLSCELLS AIM: How do we describe cells?

DO NOW: MAKE A HYPOTHESIS A student was viewing a specimen under the microscope. The specimen appeared to be round and have a dark circle in the center. What is the specimen? My hypothesis is that the specimen is________ because______________ _____________________ _____________________ _____________________ ________

How do we know that cells exist? The discovery of the microscope

Robert Hooke Observed slices of cork with a comp. microscope (1600’s)

Anton van Leeuwenhoek 1600’s Used a simple microscope First to look at living cells

Observed one- celled organisms like bacteria Rain pond water, the mouth, intestines

Matthias Schleidan Observed plant cells All plants are made of cells

Theodor Schwann Observed animal cells All animals are made of cells

Robert Virchow All cells are made from pre-existing cells. (Cells divide  more cells)

Cell Theory 1. Cells are the basic unit of structure in all living things. (Living things are made of cells)

2. Cells are the basic unit of function of all living things (They carry out life processes) 3. All cells come from pre-existing cells.

Exceptions to the Cell Theory 1. Viruses are NOT cells, and are NOT made of cells.

Virus do not reproduce by division because they are not cells.

2. Mitochondria & Chloroplasts cell parts that have their own DNA and reproduce on their own. (Don’t need the nucleus to reproduce)

3. The first cell could not have come from a pre-existing cell.

Cells Microscopic Found in living things There are different types Smallest living thing on earth

EXAMPLES OF CELLS Skin cells Bone cells

MORE CELLS Brain cells Blood cells

How many cells do we have? Infants have fewer cells than adults because ________________ ________________ ________________ _______________ One hundred trillion 100,000,000,000,000 As an adult Do infants have more or less cells?

Do Now: An organism is _____________________ _____________________ ___________________ Organisms need cells to _____________________ _____________________ Define organism Why do organisms need cells? TOPIC: CELLS AIM: HOW DO CELLS WORK? Hw: Have a great weekend!!! ;-)!

If there are so many cells how do we classify them? 2.Based on the type of organism it belongs to Plant cell Animal cell 1.Based on location or function of the cell blood cell muscle cell

1. How do we know cells exist? 2.What did Robert Hooke do for science? 3. Which scientist observed the first living cells and where did he observe them? 4. List the cell theory 5.Why are viruses exception to the cell theory? 6.What are organelles and why are they important? Cell QUIZ I

Organism Any living thing Examples: –Shark -Tree -Bacteria –Human -Bird

Cells work (perform life activities) because they contain organelles Organelles Structures that are found in the cell that perform all cell activities a.k.a cell parts

Examples of organelles Nucleus Located in the center of the cell Appears as a circle Sometimes solid in color The function is to be the control center for the cell and contains chromosomes Chromosomes - contain hereditary genetic information

Cell Membrane Located around the entire cell Appears as a thin line Similar to the walls of the classroom The function is to be a barrier (wall) between the outside of the cell and the inside. AND…… Allows materials to transport in and out of the cell

Cytoplasm Located inside the cell membrane and outside the nucleus Appears as the “liquid” between all the organelles The function is to support all the organelles AND… Transport materials around the cell Similar to the ______in our bodies

Vacuole Location is scattered around the cytoplasm Appears as an empty circle The function is to be the storage site for wastes and other cellular materials Similar to the garbage pails in each room

Endoplasmic Reticulum Located around the nucleus Appears as canals A.k.a. – ER The function of the ER is to transport materials within the cell AND…. Sometimes contains ribosomes

Ribosomes Located on the ER and scattered around the cytoplasm Appears as dots The function is protein formation (synthesis) RIBosomes---Baby- back ribs give you protein

What do cells need to do all this work? Mitochondria Located within the cytoplasm Appear as bean shaped structures The function is the production of energy A.k.a – the powerhouse

DO NOW: NAME THAT ORGANELLE 1.I am the organelle that is centered in the cytoplasm and I contain the genes, who am I? 2.I am the organelle that gives the cell proteins, who am I?

Topic: Cells Aim: How do cells work? Day 2

More Organelles Golgi Bodies Located in the cytoplasm Appear as a structure with many folds The function is to package all the wastes for removal

Lysosome Located in the cytoplasm Appear as small circular structures with particles inside The function is to digest (break down) cellular materials

Centriole Located in the cytoplasm Often near the nucleus Appears in a set of two ONLY IN ANIMAL CELLS The function is to help the cell with cellular division of the chromosomes

Chloroplasts Located around the edge of the cell Appear as oval structures with lines ONLY IN PLANT CELLS Contain Chlorophyll The function is to perform photosynthesis Photosynthesis process in which plants produce their own food

Cell wall Located outside the cell membrane ONLY IN PLANT CELLS The function is to provide support and structure for the cell

Organelle Challenge

Do Now: Describe what cells look like, using scientific names and as many details as possible. The appearance of cells is________________ __________________ __________________ __________________ __________________ __________________

TOPIC: CELLS AIM: HOW CAN WE VIEW CELLULAR STRUCTURES? LAB# 4

DO NOW: Make a conclusion based on yesterdays lab hypothesis and observations. Be sure to restate your hypothesis, state if you were correct or not, and state specific observations My hypothesis was that ___________________. In conclusion, my hypothesis was ____. My observations showed that cells _____________________ _____________________ ____________

DO NOW: BRAINSTORM: List your ideas as to how we can see our own cells I think that we can see our cells by __________________ __________________ __________________ __________________ __________________ __________________

TOPIC: CELLS AIM: HOW ARE CELLS DIFFERENT? Do Now: Complete worksheet titled Cell organelles

TOPIC: CELLS AIM: HOW CAN WE VIEW OUR CELLS? LAB # 5

A B CD E