Plant Cells Cells: The basic structural unit of all living things – Plants, animals, etc. Chlorphyll: Green substance that must be present for plants to produce food

Nucleus and Cell Membrane The cell MEMBRANE gives the cell its shape and holds the cytoplasm The cell NUCLEUS is the brain of the cell and controls most cell activities The NUCLEAUR MEMBRANE separates the nucleus from the rest of the cell NUCLEOLUS helps make ribosomes

Cytoplasm Most of the cell is made up of CYTOPLASM, a clear, jelly-like substance – Water and some chemicals RIBOSOMES are where proteins are made and are found in the cytoplasm – Jobs include the formation of cell parts and activity regulation

Cell Structures Mitochondria: Produce energy from food which has been digested – Known as the cells “power plants” Chloroplasts: Give plants their green color Cell wall: Gives the plants shape and is the only thing left when a plant dies – Example: Wood

Vegetative Structures Leaves: The food factory of the plant This is where photosynthesis occurs – Blade: Flat part of the leaf – Leaflet: Single division of a compound leaf – Rachis: Main stem of a compound leaf – Margin: Outside edge of the leaf

Leaves Midrib: Large center vein where other veins originate Petiole: Leaf’s stem which connects it to the plant stem Stipules: Secondary growths at the base of the petiole – Scales, hairs, or leaf-like structures

Roots Roots are the portion of the plant which grows underground Taproot: One major root that is larger than the rest Fibrous Root: Small roots which spread out in the soil Adventitious Root: Roots which form on the plant stems or leaves

Stems The support structure and a transportation system of the plant

Monocots and Dicots Monocotyledon: One seed leaf when the plant germinates Dicotyledon: Two seed leaves when the plant germinates

Flowers

Flowers, cont. Complete Flower: Has all four parts of a flower – Sepals, petals, stamens, and pistil Incomplete Flower: Missing one or more parts Perfect Flower: Has both stamens and pistil Imperfect Flower: Lacks either stamens or pistil

Fruit Fruit formation begins with pollination Pollen travels from the anther to the stigma Moves from the stigma down the style into the ovary Fruit is a ripened ovary

Seeds Form inside the plant’s ovary – Each seed holds the embryo, or fertilized egg of a new plant