Structures and Organelles Objectives  Identify parts of eukaryotic cell  Compare plant and animal cells

Nucleus  Contains most of Cell’s DNA (blueprints) for the cell.  Nucleus is surrounded by nuclear membrane… allows substances to pass in and out of the nucleus.  Chromatin is spread throughout the nucleus. It is a DNA attached to protein complex.  Nucleolus: Center of the nucleus, involved in the transcription of RNA

Ribosomes  Ribosomes manufacture proteins for the cell.  Made of RNA and Protein  Nucleolus is the site of Ribosome production

Endoplasmic Reticulum  Is a membrane system of folded sacs and inter connected channels that serve as site for protein and lipid synthesis. Also called ER  Rough ER has ribosomes attached to its membrane  Smooth ER has no ribosomes attached.

Golgi Apparatus (Bodies)  Is a flattened stack of membranes that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins into sacs called vesicles.

Vacuoles  Storage facility for cell. Can store food, enzymes, and waste products.  Animal cells usually do not have vacuoles…. Why?

Lysosomes  Used to digest excess or worn-out organelles and food particles. “garbage men” of cell.

Centrioles  Centrioles are made of microtubules. Function during the division of a cell.

Mitochondria  Energy generators of the cell.  Converts food particles into useable energy.  Has an outer membrane and a inner membrane.

Chloroplasts  Found in plant cells only  Convert light energy to chemical energy through photosynthesis.

Cell Wall  The cell wall is a thick, rigid, mesh of fibers that surrounds the cell outside the plasma membrane. Gives cell support.  Made of cellulose.

Cilia and Flagella  Some eukaryotic cells have cilia or flagella that project outside the plasma membrane.  Cilia are hair-like and larger in number than flagella.  Flagella are whip-like and there are only one or two per cell.

Cytoplasm and Cytoskeleton  Cytoplasm: The cytoplasm is the gel- like substance residing within the cell membrane holding all the cell's internal sub-structures (called organelles), outside the nucleus.  Cytoskeleton:The cytoskeleton is a cellular scaffolding or skeleton contained within a cell's cytoplasm and is made out of protein.

Cell Membrane  Cell membrane:The cell membrane or plasma membrane is a biological membrane that separates the interior of all cells from the outside environment