Cell Structure & Function
Definition of Cell A cell is the smallest unit of structure in all living things.
Cell Theory All living things are made of cells. All cells come from preexisting cells through cell division.
Examples of Cells Amoeba Proteus Plant Stem Red Blood Cell Nerve Cell Bacteria
Cell Organization Cell Tissue Organ (heart)
Cell Organization (continued) Organ system Organism (circulatory system) (Human)
Two Types of Cells Prokaryotic Eukaryotic
Prokaryotic Cells No membrane- bound organelles/structur es Do not have a true nucleus One-celled organisms, Bacteria
Eukaryotic Cells Contain organelles surrounded by membranes Has a nucleus Most living organisms PlantAnimal
Cell Parts AKA Organelles
Inside the Cell
Nucleus Directs cell activities Contains genetic material – Chromosomes/DNA
Nucleolus Inside nucleus Contains RNA to build proteins
Cytoplasm Gel-like mixture in the cell
Mitochondria Produces energy through chemical reactions – breaking down fats & carbs “Powerhouse” of the cell
Surrounding the Cell: Cell Membrane Allows movement in and out of the cell
Cell Membrane Cont. Passive Transport: –Requires NO energy –Diffusion: substance move through the membrane –Osmosis: movement of water from HIGH LOW concentration Active Transport: –Requires energy –Moves from LOW HIGH concentration (that’s why it takes energy!)
Endoplasmic Reticulum Moves materials around in cell
Ribosomes Make proteins
Vacuoles Membrane-bound sacs for storage, digestion, and waste removal
Surrounding the Cell: Cell Wall Found in plant cells/bacteria Shapes, supports & protects cells
Chloroplast Found only in plant cells *Green Chlorophyll= Makes plant food/ photosynthesis
Golgi Bodies Moves Protein within/out of the cell
Lysosome Found mainly in animal cells Digestive functions for proteins, fats, and carbohydrates
“Typical” Animal Cell /~ acarpi/NSC/images/cell.gif
“Typical” Plant Cell
Cellular Rap zafJKbMPA8http:// zafJKbMPA8