Cell Structure & Function

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Presentation transcript:

Cell Structure & Function

Definition of Cell A cell is the smallest unit of structure in all living things.

Cell Theory All living things are made of cells. All cells come from preexisting cells through cell division.

Examples of Cells Amoeba Proteus Plant Stem Red Blood Cell Nerve Cell Bacteria

Cell Organization Cell  Tissue  Organ (heart) 

Cell Organization (continued)  Organ system  Organism (circulatory system) (Human)

Two Types of Cells Prokaryotic Eukaryotic

Prokaryotic Cells No membrane- bound organelles/structur es Do not have a true nucleus One-celled organisms, Bacteria

Eukaryotic Cells Contain organelles surrounded by membranes Has a nucleus Most living organisms PlantAnimal

Cell Parts AKA Organelles

Inside the Cell

Nucleus Directs cell activities Contains genetic material – Chromosomes/DNA

Nucleolus Inside nucleus Contains RNA to build proteins

Cytoplasm Gel-like mixture in the cell

Mitochondria Produces energy through chemical reactions – breaking down fats & carbs “Powerhouse” of the cell

Surrounding the Cell: Cell Membrane Allows movement in and out of the cell

Cell Membrane Cont. Passive Transport: –Requires NO energy –Diffusion: substance move through the membrane –Osmosis: movement of water from HIGH  LOW concentration Active Transport: –Requires energy –Moves from LOW  HIGH concentration (that’s why it takes energy!)

Endoplasmic Reticulum Moves materials around in cell

Ribosomes Make proteins

Vacuoles Membrane-bound sacs for storage, digestion, and waste removal

Surrounding the Cell: Cell Wall Found in plant cells/bacteria Shapes, supports & protects cells

Chloroplast Found only in plant cells *Green Chlorophyll= Makes plant food/ photosynthesis

Golgi Bodies Moves Protein within/out of the cell

Lysosome Found mainly in animal cells Digestive functions for proteins, fats, and carbohydrates

“Typical” Animal Cell /~ acarpi/NSC/images/cell.gif

“Typical” Plant Cell

Cellular Rap zafJKbMPA8http:// zafJKbMPA8