1 1 Asexual Reproduction presents: Mrs. Stewart Honors Biology: Cell Growth and Division

11/01/11

How do little elephants grow up to be BIG elephants? BELL WORK

Are the cells of the adult elephant larger than those of the baby? BELL WORK

11/01/11 Why do animals shed their skin?

11/01/11 How does a cut heal?

 Three reasons why cells reproduce by asexual reproduction: 1. Growth 2. Repair 3. Replacement 11/01/11

Cell Membrane not large enough to maintain needs coming in/going out DNA, used for protein synthesis, cant keep up with demands Organelles unable to keep up with demands (ie: waste removal)

How fast can you surf the internet, download an app or play your video games online? Does the amount of other people using the connection matter?

11/01/11 Somatic Cells Every cell in the body EXCEPT reproductive cells (gametes) Gamete Sexual reproduction cells Example: sperm for males, Ova/eggs for females

11/01/11

Which phase does the cell spend the most time in? Interphase

11/01/11

INTERPHASE ANAPHASE PROPHASETELOPHASE METAPHASECYTOKINESIS CELL CYCLE

11/01/11 Time between cell divisions 90% of a cell’s life 3 phases: 1.G1: Growth and everyday activities 2.S: DNA replication 3.G2: preparation for Mitosis (production of necessary proteins/organelles)

The process of dividing the nucleus to create two daughter cells, identical to the mother cell Mitosis

11/01/11 Mitosis Creates two daughter cells that are identical to each other AND identical to the parent cell Creates diploid cells (two sets of chromosomes in each daughter cell) Allows organisms to grow Allows organisms to replace damaged/worn out cells P-M-A-T-C

11/01/11 The DNA organizes into chromosomes The nuclear membrane disappears Chromatin – (visible DNA) - DNA tightly wrapped around proteins Chromosomes – (condensed chromatin) – thread-like structures to allow DNA to be passed from parent to daughter cells

11/01/11 Chromosomes attach to spindle fibers (by their centromeres), and line up at the center of the cell Spindle Fibers – microtubules that help separate chromosomes during division

11/01/11 Chromosomes separate at the centromere, and the chromatids are pulled toward opposite ends of the cell.

11/01/11 Chromosomes disorganize and the nuclear membrane begins to reform.

11/01/11 The division of the cell cytoplasm, usually beginning during Telophase and finalizing the production of two new daughter cells. Each new cell will have about ½ of the cytoplasm and organelles of the parent cell.

11/01/11 CLEAVAGE FURROW VS. CELL PLATE ANIMAL Cleavage furrow indentation of the cell membrane to form two separate cells Plants Cell plate A cell wall is rigid and cannot flexibly move and pinch together to separate the newly formed cells. So, a cell plate forms between the two new cells. This cell plate will harden and become a cell wall for each.

11/01/11

 Interphase  Prophase  Metaphase  Anaphase  Telophase  Cytokinesis  I PLAY MUSIC AT THE CLUB 11/01/11 I P M A T C

11/01/11

Animal Mitosis -- Review Interphase Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase Cytokinesis

Plant Mitosis -- Review Interphase Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase Cytokinesis

11/01/11 Y EXIT TICKET: Identify the following: X Y Stage of the cell cycle