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Contents Chapter Focus Section 1Section 1Bureaucratic Organization Section 2Section 2The Civil Service System Section 3Section 3The Bureaucracy at Work Chapter Assessment

Why It’s Important

Section 1-2 A.The Founders anticipated the need for federal agencies to carry on the daily business of government; currently nearly 3 million civilians work in the federal government I.The Cabinet Departments (pages 276–279) B.The 15 executive departments, headed by cabinet-rank officers, are a major part of the federal bureaucracy

Section 1-3 I.The Cabinet Departments (pages 276–279)

Section 1-4 D.Two of the four departments created by Congress in 1789 are still among the most important: the Departments of State and of the Treasury. E.The other 13 departments are the Departments of the Interior, Agriculture, Justice, Commerce, Labor, Defense, Health and Human Services, Homeland Security, Housing and Urban Development, Transportation, Energy, Education, and Veterans Affairs. I.The Cabinet Departments (pages 276–279)

Section 1-11 III.Regulatory Commissions: (pages 281–283)

Section 1-10 A.are independent of all three branches of government; III.Regulatory Commissions: (pages 281–283)

Section 1 Assessment-3 3.Identify Department of State, Department of the Treasury. Checking for Understanding The Department of State is responsible for the overall foreign policy of the United States. The Department of the Treasury is responsible for managing monetary resources of the United States.

Section 2-2 A.Only 11 percent of all federal government employees work in Washington, D.C. I.Civil Service System (pages 284–285) B.Many federal employees work in offices throughout the United States and the world.

Section 2-6 A.Applicants for federal jobs are evaluated on the basis of their experience and training. III.The Civil Service System Today (pages 286–288) B.Government jobs are attractive because they offer many benefits. C.Government workers, unlike most private sector workers, have job security and are difficult to fire. Unless appointed by president!!!Than you change every 4 or 8 years.

Section 2-10 C.Political appointees are not experts in the work of their agencies, and when the president leaves office many of them return to private sector jobs. D.Many political appointees hold their positions for short tenures, making it hard for them to learn about their jobs. As a result, much of the real power over daily operations remains in the hands of career officials. IV.Political Appointees in Government (pages 288–289)

Section 2 Assessment-1 Checking for Understanding Spoils: advantages—allows victorious politicians to reward their followers; disadvantages—inefficiency, corruption, government workers without needed expertise. Civil service: advantages—competitive salaries, paid vacations, health insurance, early retirement, job security; disadvantages—difficult to terminate incompetent and inefficient workers.

Section 2 Assessment-2 2.Define spoils system, civil service system. Checking for Understanding The spoils system is the practice of victorious politicians rewarding their followers with government jobs. The civil service system is the practice of government employment based on competitive exams and merit.

Section 2 Assessment-3 Checking for Understanding Andrew Jackson became president in 1829 and immediately fired about 1,000 workers, replacing them with his own political supporters. His method of appointing federal workers became known as the spoils system.

Section 3-5 A.The growth of the bureaucracy mirrors the growth of the nation’s population and rapid changes in technology. II.Why the Bureaucracy Makes Policy (pages 293–295) B.The Cold War and international crises since World War II spurred the growth of the bureaucracy. C.The New Deal doubled the size of the federal government. E. Once created, government agencies almost never die.

Section 3-7 A.Congress has an important influence over bureaucrats. III.Influencing Bureaucratic Decisions (pages 295–297) B.Congress can influence decision making in federal agencies. C.Congress’s main power over the bureaucracy is its control of agencies’ budgets.

Section 3 Assessment-3 Checking for Understanding The Social Security Act was passed in 1935 by Congress and established the Social Security system which makes it possible for disabled workers to receive payments from the government. The Department of Veterans Affairs provides important services, such as hospital care, to veterans.

Chapter Assessment 1

Chapter Assessment 5 3.Why was the civil service system created? Recalling Facts It was created to replace the widespread inefficiency and corruption of the spoils system; to make government employment available on the basis of open, competitive examinations and merit.

Chapter Assessment 11 1.What is the warning each of these people is giving? Interpreting Political Cartoons Activity Do not touch government funding for that particular group.

Section Focus 2 1)a little more than 3 times larger 2)The payroll amounts remained almost the same in constant dollars over this period. 3)Constant dollar figures are adjusted for inflation and show little actual change in the federal civilian payroll.

Section Focus 3 1)about 75% or three-fourths 2)Answers will vary. 3)Answers will vary.

Making It Relevant