M2U3Grammar and usage Past perfect tense

Can you tell me something about Howard Carter? Not long after the tomb of King Tutankhamen had been opened, people in Carter’s team began to fall ill and die strangely. What verb tenses are used in the sentence?

Past Perfect Tense How can we form the past perfect? had + v-ed

The usage of the past perfect Upon their entering the tomb, Carter’s lucky pet bird, which he had left in Cairo, was swallowed by a snake. Carter left his lucky pet bird in Cairo. Carter’s lucky pet bird was swallowed by a snake. Past Present 过去完成时表示过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或 完成的动作。它表示动作发生的时间为 “ 过去的过去 ” 。

“We hid the entrance to the tomb,” said Carter. Carter said that they had hidden the entrance to the tomb. Past Present They hid the entrance to the tomb. Carter said. 过去完成时常用在主句是一般过去时的间接引语中。

I had done my homework this morning before I went to the museum. Past Present I had done my homework this morning. I went to the museum. 过去完成时表示在过去的两个动作或事件中，一个 先于另一个发生，当相隔时间不久。

过去完成时常与 by, for, before, since 等介词短语或 由 after, before, since, when, by the time, until 等引导的时间状语从句连用。

An amazing person ---Amelia Earhart What happened to her ? Read the notes about Amelia Earhart on page 49. Complete the story on page 49.

Amelia Earhart was born on 24th July She had an exciting childhood. Before she moved to Des Moines, she ⑴ had already seen her first airplane. She ⑵ _______home again, back to Chicago, six years later. She worked as a nurse in the First World War and became interested in flying. She ⑶ ______ already _______ flying lessons before she bought her first plane. Then her interest in flying really began to grow. In 1929, she organized an air race for women. A year earlier, she ⑷ ______________ the first woman air passenger to fly across the Atlantic. moved had taken had become

She married George Putnam in They ⑸ _________ three years before when he interviewed her in New York. In 1932, she became the first woman to fly alone across the Atlantic. On 1 June 1937, she ⑹ ____________ her round-the-world flight. The flight went well in June. She reached New Guinea on the 29th. She ⑺ _____________ flying nearly a month earlier. When the base tried to get in touch with Amelia at 9.30 p.m. 0n 2nd July 1937, she ⑻ _____ already ________ missing. had met started had started hadgone

the simple past tense or the past perfect tense

When the Titanic was built, people thought it would never sink. However, this passenger ship ⑴ __________(surprise) everyone when it sank on its first journey. The Titanic was built in Belfast, Ireland. Its makers ⑵ _________(spend) a great deal of money building the ship. When it was finished, it was the largest and most comfortable ship ever built. The Titanic set sail on 10th April ‘I ⑶ _____________ (want) to set foot on the Titanic ever since it was built,’ said Molly Brown, a Titanic survivor. ‘I never thought it would sink.’ On 13th April, the Titanic was sailing at full speed towards New York. surprised spent had wanted

The captain ⑷ ______________(receive) warnings about icebergs all day, but had paid little attention to the warnings as they ⑸ __________(arrive). At 2.20 a.m., the Titanic sank into the sea. It ⑹ __________(hit) an iceberg just over two hours before. Of the 2,200 people on the ship, only 705 ⑺ ___________(survive). Explorer Robert Ballard ⑻ _____________(search) for the Titanic for more than 20 year before he found it. ‘When new technology was developed, we ⑼ ________(use) it to send cameras down into sea. Finally, we found the ship.’ With his cameras, he was able to find the hole along the side of the ship which (10) ______________(cause) it to fill with water and sink. had received arrived had hit had searched used had caused survived

Summary: Whether the simple past tense or the past perfect tense is used depends on the sequence of the events.

Another amazing person ---Cai Lun What did he say? And what did he do? Read the sentences on page 51 and then complete the article. The present perfect or the past perfect

The inventor of paper Cai Lun is a famous Chinese inventor, known for inventing paper. Cai invented paper in AD 105, but ⑴ _____________ many other times. Before his invention worked, Cai ⑵ ___________ using many different parts of trees and plants, and old fishing nets to make paper! After Cai invented paper, people all over Asia used it. At that time in the West, no one ⑶ ___________ of Cai or paper. They did not learn how to make paper until AD751. Westerners who ⑷ _____________ several Chinese paper makers during a war told people in the West about Cai's invention. Once the paper makers ⑸ ___________ people how to make paper, it was used all over the world. had failed had tried had heard had caught had shown

Part C1 and C2 on page 104 in Workbook.