Relationships, interpersonal skills & social support.

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Presentation transcript:

relationships, interpersonal skills & social support

stress management: basic life skills time management stress management: the basic life skills calming skills - relaxation meditation & self hypnosis physical exercise, food & sleep relationships & social support

main components of the journey knowledge, facts, underlying research clarifying how we want to be in our relationships supporting each other in initiating and sustaining changes

relationships & mortality: research Berkman LF et al Social networks, host resistance, and mortality: a nine- year follow-up study of Alameda County residents Am J Epidemiol 1979; 109:186-204 House JS et al The association of social relationships and activities with mortality Am J Epidemiol 1982;116:123-40 Welin L et al Prospective study of social influences on mortality Lancet 1985;i:915-18 Orth-Gomer K et al Social network interaction and mortality: a six year follow-up study of a random sample of the Swedish population J Chron Dis 1987;40:949-57 House JS et al Social relationships & health Science 1988;241:540-5 Rosengren A et al Stressful life events, social support, and mortality in men born in 1933 Br Med J 1993;307:1102-5 Olsen O Impact of social network on cardiovascular mortality in middle aged Danish men J Epidemiol Community Health 1993;47:176-80

relationships & mortality: figures relative risk for all cause mortality these figures are age-adjusted and typically compare the lowest and highest quartiles this shows the differences found in 5 studies between the those with the lowest & those with the highest levels of social integration

relationships & mortality: comments age-adjusted relative mortality risk between lowest and highest social integration levels (mainly quartiles) in 5 studies are 1.83, 2.44, 2.63, 3.87 & 4.00 for men (3x) and 1.07, 1.59, 1.92, 1.97 & 2.81 for women (2x) biological, health behaviour, personality and health status variables do not explain away this association social integration is as strong or stronger as a risk factor than smoking, high b.p., cholesterol & family history social integration seems to be deteriorating due to changes in divorce rates, proportions of those who are old or living alone, city lifestyles, etc see particularly House et al (1988)