Center of ICT and Distance Education (CODE) The Open University of Japan (OUJ) Tsuneo YAMADA 1 Phuket, Thailand August 30-31, 2010

2 e-learning for lifelong learning in Japan Backgrounds the declining birthrate (rapid changed to aging society) >> size P-S ed shrinking >> HE capacity approaching saturated (18 yrs old generation) the “lost 10 years” >> public expenditures shrinking >> higher jobless rate >> mobility of the labor >>> new needs for LLL

3 e-learning for lifelong learning in Japan Backgrounds Number of Schools Elementary 22,258 Kindergarten 13,516 Junior H 10,864 Senior H 5,183 Universities 773 J. Colleges 406

4 e-learning for lifelong learning in Japan Backgrounds Number of registered students Elementary 7,064 Kindergarten 1,630 Junior H 3,600 Senior H 3,347 Universities and Colleges 3,007

5 e-learning for lifelong learning in Japan Backgrounds Number of HE/TE students % of students who go on to universities or junior colleges 56.2 (all) 53.9 (18yrs) % of students who go on to S-H school (except. Correspondence) 96.3

6 e-learning for lifelong learning in Japan Backgrounds 25 year old and elder students to the total entry students in university- level education (“tertiary-type A” in OECD classification)

7 e-learning for lifelong learning in Japan Backgrounds Government expenditures on education

8 e-learning for lifelong learning in Japan Backgrounds Total public expenditure on all level of educational institutions as a percentage of GDP (2006)

9 e-learning for lifelong learning in Japan Backgrounds Public expenditure on tertiary educational institutions as a percentage of GDP in OECD countries (2006)

10 e-learning for lifelong learning in Japan Backgrounds ICT equipment ownership rates at standard households (the Cabinet office, Source: Communications Usage Trend Survey in 2009) Personal Computer Broadband connection(Optical,DS L, CATV, G3, …) 73.4% (2008) Mobile Phone Facsimile

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12 e-learning for lifelong learning in Japan Definitions Lifelong learning: “Learning through a lifetime that people do for their self fulfillment and the improvement of their own lifestyle, from each free will and by selecting the adequate means and manner to the matters.” Definition by the Central Council for Education (1981) E-Learning: “’e-Learning’ is an electronic learning in which utilizes computers and networks. In the broad sense, it is the learning in which utilizes ICT. In the narrower sense, it is the learning which is asynchronous and online-based, like WBT. Recently, as ‘blended approaches’ are more popular, the broader definition is more preferable. The main features of ‘e-learning’ are digitalization and interactiveness.” Definition of “2007/2008 e-Learning White Paper“ edited by Commerce and Information Policy Bureau, Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI, 2007 ）

13 e-learning for lifelong learning in Japan Policy Lifelong learning the Amended Fundamental Law of Education Lifelong Learning Policy Bureau The Cabinet: the Strategic Headquarters for the Promotion of an Advanced Information and Telecommunications Network Society (IT Strategic Headquarters) Education is a key area. The Democrat Party Government Scrutiny of the budget transition to new policies (less government-led, more community-based)

14 e-learning for lifelong learning in Japan Practices: Trends Institution level ICT implementation at each LLL institution in formal/non-formal/informal contexts is promoted by the stakeholders National (cross-institutional) level various national/regional infrastructures are launched and managed by public/private sectors and community in order to facilitate LLL especially utilizing ICT (i.e. e-learning) Role-sharing between Public-Private sectors, Academia-Corporates and so on is in progress for Sustainability and Quality Assurance.

15 Typical e-learning for lifelong learning The Open University of Japan (OUJ) National center of Open Education and Lifelong Learning Semi-governmental institution Distance education Multi-delivery channels(TV/radio broadcasting, printed materials, Internet) Online/offline support at regional study centers

16 Typical e-learning for lifelong learning The Open University of Japan (OUJ)

17 Typical e-learning for lifelong learning Japan Open Courseware Consortium (JOCW): A Japanese OER movement Established in April 20, 2006 Objective to assist and disseminate the OCW activity, which is an open and a free publication of formal course materials of HE institutions, through mainly exchanging information among consortium members. An Affiliate member of the OCW Consortium (Global OCW)

Members of JOCW 42 organizations （ 23 Univ, 4 NPOs, 15 Corporates ）

Courses from JOCW

Numbers Feb 2010 Institutional users Instructors ,016 Students2,9817,32115,09932,93546,66750,409 Lectures ,0531,305 Video lectures006601,8793,2125,988 Sharable content3,3137,2269,86115,42920,80126,714 Lectures open to the public Typical e-learning for lifelong learning NPO CCC-TIES consortium A collaboration among private universities to share the quality learning resources

21 Typical e-learning for lifelong learning The Accreditation Council for Practical Abilities (ACPA)

22 Typical e-learning for lifelong learning The Accreditation Council for Practical Abilities (ACPA)

23 Typical e-learning for lifelong learning GLOSS and GLOBE Cross-Institutional search system of quality learning content and information Value-added services (right, recommendation, …) Movement of global coverage, all school level Global Learning Object Brokered Exchange An International Consortium for sharing and reuse Global Learning Object Search System A domestic search engine managed by OUJ

 New framework in open education and lifelong learning  New value-added services, e.g.  copyright management and processing  educational guidance and recommendation  quality assurance  Federation of Japanese domestic repositories and referatories 24 GLOSS: Global Learning Object Search System (GLOSS)

New cross-institutional search: features 25 Central MD DB Collections GLOBE OUJFOLC -ACPA JOCW Academic Society GLOBE Harvester / Federated search JOCW_HP

26 cw&limit=&q=Japanese%E3%80%80language&btn= %E6%A4%9C%E7%B4%A2&ti=&u=&lc= CC License u.jp/index.php?lang=en&mode=c&id=22&page_type= index

Global Learning Object Brokered Exchange (GLOBE) 27 An international broker To reach “Critical Mass” (originally) Focus on educational/learning resources All levels Federated search and harvesting Harmonizing with international standardization organizations (e.g. IEEE, IMS-GLC) Finding scalable and interoperable infrastructure and sustainable business model

Global Learning Object Brokered Exchange (GLOBE) 28 September, 2004 February, 2007September, 2007 April, 2008September, 2008March, 2009 OUJ-CODE February, 2010 Education Services Australia

29 Recommendations and prospects: Towards further advancement of lifelong learning Sharing issues and solutions beyond organizations and borders Digital divide among generations, Sustainable development, …. Cope with customization: Localization and Personalization Partnerships and Collaborations Role-sharing between Public-Private sectors, Academia-Coporates, … More community-based activities

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