The Legacy of Lewis Hine and the Origins of Advocacy Photography From teacher & Social Worker to Photographic Artist

1874 – Born, Oshkosh WI Parents: Douglas Hull Hine and Sarah Haynes Hine 1892 – Graduates from Oshkosh High School Father dies of accidental gun shot wound. Works as: Laborer – upholstery factory Casual laborer – firewood sales Delivery Clerk Door-to-door salesman Janitor, Collection Agent Night School: Stenographer & Bookkeeping Bookkeeper Bank Clerk Teacher – Normal School Discovers he was: “neither physically nor temperamentally fitted for any of these jobs.”

Oshkosh Normal School / with Frank Manny University of Chicago with John Dewey with John Dewey 1901 – Ethical Cultural School – Frank Manny Director Frank Manny Director Hine - Instructor Hine - Instructor Columbia University/ New York University New York University Professor Frank Manny – a mentor for a lifetime

1904 Marries Sarah Ann Rich Marries Sarah Ann Rich In Oshkosh Attends: Columbia School of Social Work Meets Arthur Kellogg, editor of Charities and Commons and other progressive leaders 1912 Corydon Wickes Hine is born

1903 – From camera club to Ellis Island Immigrants Photography full time 1911 – National Child Labor Committee NCLC

Ellis Island Assignment: Photograph immigrants arriving at Ellis Island so that the students “may have the same regard for contemporary immigrants as the have for the pilgrims who landed at Plymouth Rock.” Frank A. Manny

Lewis Hine Photographing in Paris –World War I American Red Cross –World War I American Red Cross

Empire State Building 1932 – “Men at Work” Published 1930’S – Depression era documentation & limited commissions Child Labor Reforms – Fair Labor Standards Act 1938 – Showing of work as art 1940 – Died, Dobbs Ferry, New York

Oshkosh Public Museum Oshkosh Northwestern

Hineography “A style of witnessing social problems as a means of social uplift with consummate technical and artistic skill and unquestionable compassion for his subjects.”

Hineography This style influenced documentary photography for decades, if Jacob Riis’s photographic style distanced the viewer form his working-class subjects, projecting fear inspiring images, if Jacob Riis’s photographic style distanced the viewer form his working-class subjects, projecting fear inspiring images, Hine often drew the viewer to his subjects. He framed his targets from a middle distance a strategy dictated both by the technical limitations of his camera and his own straightforward manner. Hine often drew the viewer to his subjects. He framed his targets from a middle distance a strategy dictated both by the technical limitations of his camera and his own straightforward manner. Hine combined the ethnographic portrait and the commission studio portrait into a new variant, devising a “model for representing the Other that was esthetically and politically unprecedented.” Hine transformed the ethnographic portrait by treating the ‘socially Inferior’ worker with the respect usually accorded the subject of a commissioned portrait.”

Jacob Riis

“In my early days of my child-labor activities I was an investigator with a camera attachment... but the emphasis became reversed until the camera stole the whole show.” 1935

“There are two things I wanted to do. I wanted to show the things that had to be corrected. I wanted to show the things that had to be appreciated.”

“If I could tell the story in words, I wouldn't need to lug around a camera''. “ While photographers may not lie, liars may photograph '' “In the last analysis, good photography is a question of art”

Street Scene New York City 1910

Ellis Island Immigrants

Albanian Woman with Folded Cloth, Ellis Island 1905

Italian Family of Ferry Boat leaving Ellis Island 1905

Black Family by Fireplace, 1920

Under Privileged Child at Hull House 1910

Waiting for the Dispensary to Open, Hull House District, Chicago 1910

Child Labor In America Child Labor In America investigative photographer for the National Child Labor Committee

Child Slavery 2 Million children under 15 yrs worked for wages in 1910 "There is work that profits children, and there is work that brings profit only to employers. The object of employing children is not to train them, but to get high profits from their work."-- Lewis Hine, 1908 Lewis Hine, 1908